VIPER17
Off-line high voltage converters
Features
800 V avalanche rugged power section PWM operation with frequency jittering for low EMI Operating frequency: 60 kHz for L type 115 kHz for H type Standby power < 50 mW at 265 Vac Limiting current with adjustable set point Adjustable and accurate over voltage protection On-board soft-start Safe auto-restart after a fault condition Hysteretic thermal shutdown
SO16 narrow SO-16
DIP-7
Description
The device is an off-line converter with an 800 V rugged power section, a PWM control, two levels of over current protection, over voltage and overload protections, hysteretic thermal protection, soft-start and safe auto-restart after any fault condition removal. Burst mode operation and device very low consumption helps to meet the standby energy saving regulations. Advance frequency jittering reduces EMI filter cost. Brown-out function protects the switch mode power supply when the rectified input voltage level is below the normal minimum level specified for the system. The high voltage start-up circuit is embedded in the device. Figure 1.
+
DC input high voltage wide range
Application
Adapters for PDA, camcorders, shavers, cellular phones, videogames Auxiliary power supply for LCD/PDP TV, monitors, audio systems, computer, industrial systems SMPS for set-top boxes, DVD players and recorders, white goods
Typical topology
+
DC Output voltage
DRAIN DRAIN BR
VIPER17
GND VDD CONT FB
Table 1.
Device summary
Order codes Package DIP-7 SO16 narrow Packaging Tube Tube Tape and reel
VIPER17LN / VIPER17HN VIPER17HD / VIPER17LD VIPER17HDTR / VIPER17LDTR
October 2008
Rev 4
1/33
www.st.com 33
Contents
VIPER17
Contents
1 2 3 Block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Typical power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Pin settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.1 3.2 Connection diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Pin description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4
Electrical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4.1 4.2 4.3 Maximum ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Thermal data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Electrical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
5 6 7
Typical electrical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Typical circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Operation descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.9 7.10 7.11 7.12 7.13 Power section and gate driver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 High voltage startup generator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Power-up and soft-start up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Power down operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Auto restart operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Oscillator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Current mode conversion with adjustable current limit set point . . . . . . . 19 Over voltage protection (OVP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 About CONT pin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Feed-back and over load protection (OLP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Burst-mode operation at no load or very light load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Brown-out protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 2nd level over current protection and hiccup mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
2/33
VIPER17
Contents
8 9
Package mechanical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
3/33
Block diagram
VIPER17
1
Figure 2.
Block diagram
Block diagram
BR
VDD VDD Vcc
DRAIN
0. 45V 15uA
. OVP LOGI C
+ 6uA
OVP R ef
+ -
BU R ST-MOD E LOGI C
FB
2
Table 2.
Typical power
Typical power
230 VAC Part number VIPER17 Adapter(1) 9W Open frame(2) 12 W Adapter(1) 5W 85-265 VAC Open frame(2) 7W
1. Typical continuous power in non ventilated enclosed adapter measured at 50 C ambient. 2. Maximum practical continuous power in an open frame design at 50 C ambient, with adequate heat sinking.
4/33
+
CONT
-
SOFT STAR T
+ OC P BLOC K
Vin_OK I nt ernal Supply bus & R ef erenc e Voltages SU PPLY & UVLO H V_ON I s t art -up U VLO OC P BU R ST TU R N -ON LOGI C S Q R1 OSC I LLATOR THERMAL SH U TD OW N OTP PW M LEB R2 2nd OCP LOGI C OLP OVP OTP R s ense BU R ST
GND
VIPER17
Pin settings
3
3.1
Pin settings
Connection diagram
Figure 3. Connection diagram (top view)
GND VDD CONT FB
DRAIN DRAIN
BR
3.2
Table 3.
Pin description
Pin description
Name Function This pin represents the device ground and the source of the power section. Supply voltage of the control section. This pin also provides the charging current of the external capacitor during start-up time. Control pin. The following functions can be selected: 1. current limit set point adjustment. The internal set default value of the cycleby-cycle current limit can be reduced by connecting to ground an external resistor. 2. output voltage monitoring. A voltage exceeding 3 V shuts the IC down reducing the device consumption. This function is strobed and digitally filtered for high noise immunity. Control input for duty cycle control. Internal current generator provides bias current for loop regulation. A voltage below 0.5 V activates the burst-mode operation. A level close to 3.3 V means that we are approaching the cycle-bycycle over-current set point. Brownout protection input with hysteresis. A voltage below 0.45 V shuts down (not latch) the device and lowers the power consumption. Device operation restarts as the voltage exceeds 0.45 V plus hysteresis voltage. It can be connected to ground when not used. High voltage drain pin. The built-in high voltage switched start-up bias current is drawn from this pin too.
Pin N. DIP-7 1 2 SO16 1...4 5 GND VDD
3
6
CONT
4
7
FB
5
10
BR
7,8
13...16
DRAIN
5/33
Electrical data
VIPER17
4
4.1
Electrical data
Maximum ratings
Table 4.
Symbol VDRAIN EAV IAR IDRAIN VCONT VFB VBR VDD IDD PTOT TJ TSTG
Absolute maximum ratings
Pin (DIP7) 7, 8 7, 8 7, 8 7, 8 3 4 5 2 2 Parameter Drain-to-source (ground) voltage Repetitive avalanche energy (limited by TJ = 150 C) Repetitive avalanche current (limited by TJ = 150 C) Pulse drain current Control input pin voltage (with ICONT = 1 mA) Feed-back voltage Brown-out input pin voltage Supply voltage (IDD = 25 mA) Input current Power dissipation at TA < 50 C Operating junction temperature range Storage temperature Value 800 2 1 2.5 Self limited -0.3 to 5.5 2 Self limited 25 1 -40 to 150 -55 to 150 Unit V mJ A A V V V V mA W C C
4.2
Thermal data
Table 5.
Symbol RthJP RthJA
Thermal data
Parameter Thermal resistance junction pin Thermal resistance junction ambient
(1)
Max value SO16N 35 80
m2
Max value DIP7 40 90
Unit C/W C/W
1. When mounted on a standard single side FR4 board with 100
(0.155 sq in) of Cu (35 m thick)
6/33
VIPER17
Electrical data
4.3
Electrical characteristics
(TJ = -25 to 125 C, VDD = 14 V; unless otherwise specified) Table 6.
Symbol VBVDSS IOFF
Power section
Parameter Break-down voltage OFF state drain current Test condition IDRAIN = 1 mA, VFB = GND TJ = 25 C M in 800 60 20 40 10 24 48 Typ M ax Unit V A pF
VDRAIN = max rating,
VFB = GND IDRAIN = 0.2 A, VFB = 3 V, VBR = GND, TJ = 25 C IDRAIN = 0.2 A, VFB = 3 V, VBR = GND, TJ = 125 C VDRAIN = 0 to 640 V
RDS(on)
Drain-source on state resistance
COSS
Effective (energy related) output capacitance
Table 7.
Symbol Voltage
VDRAIN_START
Supply section
Parameter Test condition Min Typ Max Unit
Drain-source start voltage VDRAIN = 120 V, VBR = GND, VFB = GND, VDD = 4 V VDRAIN = 120 V, VBR = GND, VFB = GND, VDD = 4 V after fault. After turn-on IDD = 20 mA
60 -2
80 -3
100 -4
V mA
IDDch
Star t up charging current
-0.4 8.5 23.5 13 7.5 4
-0.6
-0.8 23.5
mA V V
VDD VDDclamp VDDon VDDoff
VDD(RESTART)
Operating voltage range VDD clamp voltage VDD start up threshold VDD under voltage shutdown threshold VDD restart voltage threshold
VDRAIN = 120 V,
VBR = GND, VFB = GND
14 8 4.5
15 8.5 5
V V V
VDRAIN = 120 V, VBR = GND, VFB = GND
Current IDD0 IDD1 Operating supply current, not switching Operating supply current, switching VFB = GND, FSW = 0 kHz, VBR = GND, VDD = 10 V 0.9 1.8 2 400 VDD = 7 V 270 mA mA mA A A
VDRAIN = 120 V, FSW = 60 kHz VDRAIN = 120 V, FSW = 115 kHz
IDD_FAULT IDD_OFF
Operating supply current, with protection tripping Operating supply current with VDD < VDD_off
7/33
Electrical data
VIPER17
Table 8.
Symbol
Controller section (TJ = -25 to 125 C, VDD = 14 V; unless otherwise specified)
Parameter Test condition Min Typ Max Unit
Feed-back pin VFBolp VFBlin VFBbm VFBbmhys IFB RFB(DYN) HFB CONT pin VCONT_l Low level clamp voltage ICONT = -100 A 0.5 V Over load shut down threshold Linear dynamics upper limit Burst mode threshold Burst mode hysteresis Feed-back sourced current Dynamic resistance VFB / ID Voltage falling Voltage rising VFB = 0.3 V 3.3 V < VFB < 4.8 V VFB < 3.3 V 14 4 -150 4.7 3.2 0.4 4.8 3.3 0.5 50 -200 -3 19 9 -280 5.2 3.4 0.6 V V V mV uA uA k V/A
Current limitation IDlim tSS TON_MIN td tLEB ID_BM Max drain current limitation Soft-star t time Minimum turn ON time Propagation delay Leading edge blanking Peak drain current during burst mode VFB = 0.6 V 220 VFB = 4 V, ICONT = -10 A TJ = 25 C 0.38 0.4 8.5 400 100 300 90 480 0.42 A ms ns ns ns mA
Oscillator section VIPER17L FOSC VIPER17H Modulation depth VIPER17H FM DMAX Modulation frequency Maximum duty cycle 70 8 250 80 kHz Hz % VDD = operating voltage range, VFB = 1 V VIPER17L FD 54 103 60 115 4 66 127 kHz kHz kHz
8/33
VIPER17
Electrical data
Table 8.
Symbol
Controller section (continued) (TJ = -25 to 125 C, VDD = 14 V; unless otherwise specified)
Parameter Test condition Min Typ Max Unit
Over current protection (2nd OCP) IDMAX Second over current threshold 0.6 A
Over voltage protection VOVP TSTROBE Over voltage protection threshold Over voltage protection strobe time 2.7 3 2.2 3.3 V s
Brown out protection VBRth VBRhyst IBRhyst VBR VDIS Brown out threshold Voltage hysteresis above VBRth Current hysteresis Operating range Brown out disable voltage 0.41 0.45 50 Voltage falling 7 0.15 50 10 2 150 A V mV 0.49 V mV
Thermal shutdown TSD T HYST Thermal shutdown temperature Thermal shutdown hysteresis 150 170 30 C C
9/33
Electrical data Figure 4. Minimum turn-on time test circuit
VIPER17
Figure 5.
Brown out threshold test circuits
Figure 6.
OVP threshold test circuits
(The OVP protection is triggered after four consecutive oscillator cycles)
10/33
VIPER17
Typical electrical characteristics
5
Typical electrical characteristics
Figure 7. Current limit vs TJ Figure 8. Switching frequency vs TJ
Figure 9.
Drain start voltage vs TJ
Figure 10. HFB vs TJ
Figure 11. Brown out threshold vs TJ
Figure 12. Brown out hysteresis vs TJ
11/33
Typical electrical characteristics
VI P E R 1 7
Figure 13. Brown out hysteresis current Figure 14. Operating supply current vs TJ (no switching) vs TJ
Figure 15. Operating supply current (switching) vs TJ
Figure 16. current limit vs RLIM
Figure 17. Power MOSFET on-resistance Figure 18. Power MOSFET break down vs TJ voltage vs TJ
12/33
VIPER17 Figure 19. Thermal shutdown
Typical electrical characteristics
TJ
T SD THYST
VDD
VDD ON VDD OFF
t
VDD RESTART
VDS
t
t
13/33
Typical circuit
VIPER17
6
Typical circuit
Figure 20. Flyback application (basic)
D3 Vout
AC IN BR C1
C2
R1 C5
AC IN
D1
GN D
R2
D2 R3 OPTO R5
Vc c VDD BR
C3 C ON TR OL
D R AIN
C ON T FB S OUGND RCE
U2
R4
C6
C4
R6
Figure 21. Flyback application
D3 Vout
AC IN BR C1 AC IN
Rh C2
R1 C5
Rl D1
R ov p
D aux
GN D
R2
D2 R3 OPTO R5
VVcc DD
BR
C3 C ON TR OL
D R AIN
C ON T FB
R lim C4
R4
C6
GND S OU R C E
U2
R6
14/33
VIPER17
Operation descriptions
7
Operation descriptions
VIPER17 is a high-performance low-voltage PWM controller chip with an 800 V, avalanche rugged Power section. The controller includes: the oscillator with jittering feature, the start up circuits with soft-start feature, the PWM logic, the current limit circuit with adjustable set point, the second over current circuit, the burst mode management, the brown-out circuit, the UVLO circuit, the auto-restart circuit and the thermal protection circuit. The current limit set-point is set by the CONT pin. The burst mode operation guaranties high performance in the stand-by mode and helps in the energy saving norm accomplishment. All the fault protections are built in auto restart mode with very low repetition rate to prevent IC's over heating.
7.1
Power section and gate driver
The power section is implemented with an avalanche ruggedness N-channel MOSFET, which guarantees safe operation within the specified energy rating as well as high dv/dt capability. The Power section has a BVDSS of 800 V min. and a typical RDS(on) of 20 at 25 C. The integrated SenseFET structure allows a virtually loss-less current sensing. The gate driver is designed to supply a controlled gate current during both turn-on and turnoff in order to minimize common mode EMI. Under UVLO conditions an internal pull-down circuit holds the gate low in order to ensure that the Power section cannot be turned on accidentally.
7.2
High voltage startup generator
The HV current generator is supplied through the DRAIN pin and it is enabled only if the input bulk capacitor voltage is higher than VDRAIN_START threshold, 80 VDC typically. When the HV current generator is ON, the IDD_ch current (3 mA typical value) is delivered to the capacitor on the VDD pin. In case of Auto Restart mode after a fault event, the IDD_ch current is reduced to 0.6 mA, typ. in order to have a slow duty cycle during the restart phase.
15/33
Operation descriptions
VIPER17
7.3
Power-up and soft-start up
If the input voltage rises up till the device start level (VDRAIN_START), the VDD voltage begins to grow due to the IDD_ch current (see Table 7 on page 7) coming from the internal high voltage start up circuit. If the VDD voltage reaches VDDon threshold (~14 V) the power MOSFET starts switching and the HV current generator is turned OFF. See Figure 23 on page 17. The IC is powered by the energy stored in the capacitor on the VDD pin, CVDD, until when the self-supply circuit (typically an auxiliary winding of the transformer and a steering diode) develops a voltage high enough to sustain the operation. CVDD capacitor must be sized enough to avoid fast discharge and keep the needed voltage value higher than VDDoff threshold. In fact, a too low capacitance value could terminate the switching operation before the controller receives any energy from the auxiliary winding. The following formula can be used for the VDD capacitor calculation: Equation 1
ID D c h × tS S a u x C V D D = ---------------------------------------VD D o n VD D o f f
The tSSaux is the time needed for the steady state of the auxiliary voltage. This time is estimated by applicator according to the output stage configurations (transformer, output capacitances, etc.). During the converter start up time, the drain current limitation is progressively increased to the maximum value. In this way the stress on the secondary diode is considerably reduced. It also helps to prevent transformer saturation. The soft-start time lasts 8.5 ms and the feature is implemented for every attempt of start up converter or after a fault. Figure 22. Start up IDD current
IDD
VDS = 120V FSW = 0 kHz
2 mA
AFTER FAULT
1 mA IDD_FAULT IDD_OFF IDS_CH_FAULT -1 mA -2 mA -3 mA -4 mA
I DD0
VDDrestart
VDDoff
VDDon
VDD
IDS_CH
16/33
VIPER17
Operation descriptions Figure 23. Timing diagram: normal power-up and power-down sequences
Vin
VStart
VDcc VD Vcc VDD ON Vcc Vcc VDD OFF Vcc VDD restart Vcc
regulation is lost here
t
VDRAIN
t
IDD_CH
Icharge
3 mA
t
Power -on
Normal operation
Power -off
t
Figure 24. Soft-start: timing diagram
I DRAIN tss
IDLIM
t
V FB V FB OLP
V FB_lin
t
17/33
Operation descriptions
VIPER17
7.4
Power down operation
At converter power down, the system loses regulation as soon as the input voltage is so low that the peak current limitation is reached. The VDD voltage drops and when it falls below the VDDoff threshold (8 V typical) the power MOSFET is switched OFF, the energy transfers to the IC interrupted and consequently the VDD voltages decreases, Figure 23 on page 17. Later, if the VIN is lower than VDRAIN_START (80 V typical), the start up sequence is inhibited and the power down completed. This feature is useful to prevent converter's restart attempts and ensures monotonic output voltage decay during the system power down.
7.5
Auto restart operation
If after a converter power down, the VIN is higher than VDRAIN_START, the start up sequence is not inhibited and will be activated only when the VDD voltage drops down the VDDrestart threshold (4.5 V typical). This means that the HV start up current generator restarts the VDD capacitor charging only when the VDD voltage drops below VDDrestar t. The scenario above described is for instance a power down because of a fault condition. After a fault condition, the charging current is 0.6 mA (typ.) instead of the 3 mA (typ.) of a normal start up converter phase. This feature together with the low VDDrestar t threshold (4.5 V) ensures that, after a fault, the restart attempts of the IC has a very long repetition rate and the converter works safely with extremely low power throughput. The Figure 25 shows the IC behavioral after a short circuit event. Figure 25. Timing diagram: behavior after short circuit
VDD
VDDON VDDOFF VDDrest
Short circuit occurs here
VDS
Trep < 0.03Trep
t
IDD_CH
IDD_CH
0.6 mA
t t
FB Pin
4.8 V 3.3 V
t
t
7.6
Oscillator
The switching frequency is internally fixed to 60 kHz or 115 kHz. In both case the switching frequency is modulated by approximately 4 kHz (60 kHz version) or 8 kHz (115 kHz version) at 250 Hz (typical) rate, so that the resulting spread-spectrum action distributes the energy of each harmonic of the switching frequency over a number of sideband harmonics having the same energy on the whole but smaller amplitudes.
18/33
VIPER17
Operation descriptions
7.7
Current mode conversion with adjustable current limit set point
The device is a current mode converter: the drain current is sensed and converted in voltage that is applied to the non inverting pin of the PWM comparator. This voltage is compared with the one on the feed-back pin through a voltage divider on cycle by cycle basis. The VIPER17 has a default current limit value, IDLIM, that the designer can adjust according the electrical specification, by the RLIM resistor connected to the CONT see Figure 16 on page 12. The CONT pin has a minimum current sunk needed to activate the IDLIM adjustment: without RLIM or with high RLIM (i.e. 100 K) the current limit is fixed to the default value (see IDLIM, Table 8 on page 8).
7.8
Over voltage protection (OVP)
The device can monitor the converter output voltage. This operation is done by CONT pin during power MOSFET OFF-time, when the voltage generated by the auxiliary winding tracks converter's output voltage, through turn ratio N----U-X See Figure 26. ----A ----NS E C
In order to perform the output voltage monitor, the CONT pin has to be connected to the aux winding through a resistor divider made up by RLIM and ROVP (see Figure 21 and Figure 27). If the voltage applied to the CONT pin exceeds the internal 3 V reference for four consecutive times the controller recognizes an over voltage condition. This special feature uses an internal counter; that is to reduce sensitivity to noise and prevent the latch from being erroneously activated. see Figure 26 on page 20. The counter is reset every time the OVP signal is not triggered in one oscillator cycle. Referring to the Figure 21, the resistors divider ratio kOVP will be given by: Equation 2
VO V k O V P = ------------------------------------------------------P------------------------------------------NA U X -------------- ( V O U T O V P + V D S E C ) V D A U X NS E C
Equation 3
RL I --k O V P = --------------------M---------RL I M + RO V P
19/33
Operation descriptions Where:
VIPER17
VOVP is the OVP threshold (see Table 8 on page 9) VOUT OVP is the converter output voltage value to activate the OVP (set by designer) designer NAUX is the auxiliary winding turns NSEC is the secondary winding turns VDSEC is the secondary diode forward voltage VDAUX is the auxiliary diode forward voltage ROVP together RLIM make the output voltage divider
Than, fixed RLIM, according to the desired IDLIM, the ROVP can be calculating by: Equation 4
1 kO V P R O V P = R L I M × ---------------------kO V P
The resistor values will be such that the current sourced and sunk by the CONT pin be within the rated capability of the internal clamp. Figure 26. OVP timing diagram
VDS
t
VAUX
0
CONT (pin 4) (pin
3V
t
t
STROBE
2 s
0.5 s
t
OVP
COUNTER RESET COUNTER STATUS FAULT
t
t
0 0 0 0 1 1 2 2 0 0 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4
t t
NORMAL OPERATION
TEMPORARY DISTURBANCE
FEEDBACK LOOP FAILURE
20/33
VIPER17
Operation descriptions
7.9
About CONT pin
Referring to the Figure 27, through the CONT PIN, the below features can be implemented: 1. 2. Current Limit set point Over voltage protection on the converter output voltage
The Table 9 on page 21 referring to the Figure 27, lists the external resistance combinations needed to activate one or plus of the CONT pin functions. Figure 27. CONT pin configuration
Aux iliary winding
R lim
OVP DETECTION LOGI C F rom SenseFET
To OVP Protection
Table 9.
CONT pin configurations
Function / component IDlim reduction OVP IDlim reduction + OVP RLIM (1) See Figure 8 80 K See Figure 8 ROVP No See Equation 4 See Equation 4 DAUX No Yes Yes
1. RLIM have to be fixed before RFF and ROVP
7.10
Feed-back and over load protection (OLP)
The VIPER17 is a current mode converter: the feedback pin controls the PWM operation, controls the burst mode and actives the overload protection of the device. Figure 28 on page 23 and Figure 29 show the internal current mode structure. With the feedback pin voltage between VFBbm and VFBlin, (respectively 0.5 V and 3.3 V, typical values) the drain current is sensed and converted in voltage that is applied to the non inverting pin of the PWM comparator. This voltage is compared with the one on the feedback pin through a voltage divider on cycle by cycle basis. When these two voltages are equal, the PWM logic orders the switch off of the power MOSFET. The drain current is always limited to IDLIM value. In case of overload the feedback pin increases in reaction to this event and when it goes higher than VFBlin the drain current is limited or to the default IDLIM value or the one imposed
+
To PWM Logic
D aux
R ov p
CONT
SOF T STAR T
OCP C urrent Limit Comparator
C urr. Lim. BLOCK
21/33
Operation descriptions
VIPER17
through a resistor at the CONT pin (using the RLIM, see Figure 16 on page 12); the PWM comparator is disabled. At the same time an internal current generator starts to charge the feedback capacitor (CFB) and when the feedback voltage reaches the VFBolp threshold, the converter is turned off and the start up phase is activated with reduced value of Icharge to 0.6 mA. During the first start up phase of the converter, after the soft-start up time (typical value is 8.5 ms) the output voltage could force the feedback pin voltage to rise up to the VFBolp threshold that switches off the converter itself. To avoid this event, the appropriate feedback network has to be selected according to the output load. More the network feedback fixes the compensation loop stability. The Figure 28 on page 23 and Figure 29 show the two different feedback networks. The time from the over load detection (VFB = VFBlin) to the device shutdown (VFB = VFBolp) can be calculating by CFB value (see Figure 28 on page 23 and Figure 29), using the formula: Equation 5
VF B o l p VF B l i n T O L P d e l a y = C F B × --------------------------------------3A
In the Figure 28, the capacitor connected to FB pin (CFB) is used as part of the circuit to compensate the feedback loop but also as element to delay the OLP shut down owing to the time needed to charge the capacitor (see equation 5). After the start up time, 8.5 ms typ value, during which the feedback voltage is fixed at VFBlin, the output capacitor could not be at its nominal value and the controller interpreter this situation as an over load condition. In this case, the OLP delay helps to avoid an incorrect device shut down during the start up. Owing to the above considerations, the OLP delay time must be long enough to by-pass the initial output voltage transient and check the over load condition only when the output voltage is in steady state. The output transient time depends from the value of the output capacitor and from the load. When the value of the CFB capacitor calculated for the loop stability is too low and cannot ensure enough OLP delay, an alternative compensation network can be used and it is showed in Figure 29 on page 23. Using this alternative compensation network, two poles (fPFB, fPFB1) and one zero (fZFB) are introduced by the capacitors CFB and CFB1 and the resistor RFB1. The capacitor CFB introduces a pole (fPFB) at higher frequency than fZB and fPFB1. This pole is usually used to compensate the high frequency zero due to the ESR (Equivalent Series Resistor) of the output capacitance of the fly-back converter. The mathematical expressions of these poles and zero frequency, considering the scheme in Figure 29 are reported by the equations below: Equation 6
fZFB =
1 2 CFB1 RFB1
22/33
VIPER17 Equation 7
Operation descriptions
fPFB =
RFB(DYN) + RFB1 2 CFB RFB(DYN) RFB1
(
)
Equation 8
fPFB1 =
1 2 CFB1 RFB1 + RFB(DYN)
(
)
The RFB(DYN) is the dynamic resistance seen by the FB pin. The CFB1 capacitor fixes the OLP delay and usually CFB1 results much higher than CFB. The Equation 5 can be still used to calculate the OLP delay time but CFB1 has to be considered instead of CFB. Using the alternative compensation network, the designer can satisfy, in all case, the loop stability and the enough OLP delay time alike.
Figure 28. FB pin configuration
From sense FET PW M + PW M CO NT ROL Cfb BURST BURST-MODE REFERENCES BURST-MODE LOGIC OLP comparator + 4.8V To disable logic To PWM Logic
Figure 29. FB pin configuration
From sense FET PW M + PW M CONT ROL Rfb 1 Cfb BURST Cfb 1 BURST-MODE REFERENCES BURST-MODE LOGIC OLP comparator + 4.8V To disable logic To PWM Logic
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Operation descriptions
VIPER17
7.11
Burst-mode operation at no load or very light load
When the voltage on feedback pin falls down 50 mV below the burst mode threshold, VFBbm, power MOSFET is not more allowed to be switched on. It can be switched on again if the voltage on feedback pin exceeds VFBbm. The voltage on PWM comparator non inverting internal input, connected to feedback pin through a resistive voltage divider, is lower clamped to a certain value leading to a minimum value, of 90 mA (typ.) for the drain peak current. When the load decrease the feedback loop reacts lowering the feedback pin voltage. As the voltage goes 50 mV below VFBbm MOSFET stops switching. After the MOSFET stops, as a result of the feedback reaction to the energy delivery stop, the feedback pin voltage increases and exceeding VFBbm threshold MOSFET the power device start switching again. Figure 30 shows this behavior called burst mode. Systems alternates period of time where power MOSFET is switching to period of time where power MOSFET is not switching. The power delivered to output during switching periods exceeds the load power demands; the excess of power is balanced from not switching period where no power is processed. The advantage of burst mode operation is an average switching frequency much lower then the normal operation working frequency, up to some hundred of hertz, minimizing all frequency related losses.
Figure 30. Burst mode timing diagram, light load management
FB
100 mV 50 hyster.
VFBbm
I
DS
t
Normal -mode
Burst-mode Burst -mode
Normal -mode
t
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VIPER17
Operation descriptions
7.12
Brown-out protection
Brown-out protection is a not-latched shutdown function activated when a condition of mains under voltage is detected. The Brown-out comparator is internally referenced to VBRth,0.45 V typ value, and disables the PWM if the voltage applied at the BR pin is below this internal reference. Under this condition the power MOSFET is turned off. Until the Brown out condition is present, the VDD voltage continuously oscillates between the VDDon and the UVLO thresholds, as shown in the timing diagram of Figure 31 on page 25. A voltage hysteresis is present to improve the noise immunity. The switching operation is restarted as the voltage on the pin is above the reference plus the before said voltage hysteresis. See Figure 31. The Brown-out comparator is provided also with a current hysteresis, IBRhyst.With this approach is possible to set the VINon threshold and VINoff thresholds separately, by properly choosing the resistors of the divider connect to the BR pin.
Figure 31. Brown-out protection: BR external setting and timing diagram
HV Input bus
VinON VinOFF
BR
t
VD D Vc c
H V Input bus
0.45V t
VinOK
0. 1V Rh + AC _OK Disable
t
IBRhyst
15 A
BR
0. 45V Rl 10u + VinOK
Vcc (pin 3)
VD D
t
VDS
t
t
Vout
t
Fixed the VINon and the VINoff levels, with reference to Figure 31, the following relationships can be established for the calculation of the resistors RH and RL:
Equation 9
RL = - VBRhyst IBRhyst + VINon - VINoff - VBRhyst VINoff - VBRth × VBRth IBRhyst
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Operation descriptions Equation 10
RH = VINon - VINoff - V BRhyst IBRhyst × RL + RL V BRhyst I BRhyst
VIPER17
For a proper operation of this function, VIN on must be less than the peak voltage at minimum mains and VIN off less than the minimum voltage on the input bulk capacitor at minimum mains and maximum load. The BR pin is a high impedance input connected to high value resistors, thus it is prone to pick up noise, which might alter the OFF threshold when the converter operates or gives origin to undesired switch-off of the device during ESD tests. It is possible to bypass the pin to ground with a small film capacitor (e.g. 1-10 nF) to prevent any malfunctioning of this kind. If the Brown-out function is not used the pin has to be connected to GND.
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VIPER17
Operation descriptions
7.13
2nd level over current protection and hiccup mode
The VIPER17 is protected against short circuit of the secondary rectifier, short circuit on the secondary winding or a hard-saturation of fly-back transformer. Such as anomalous condition is invoked when the drain current exceed 0.6 A typical. To distinguish a real malfunction from a disturbance (e.g. induced during ESD tests) a "warning state" is entered after the first signal trip. If in the subsequent switching cycle the signal is not tripped, a temporary disturbance is assumed and the protection logic will be reset in its idle state; otherwise if the 2nd OCP threshold is exceeded for two consecutive switching cycles a real malfunction is assumed and the power MOSFET is turned OFF. The shutdown condition is latched as long as the device is supplied. While it is disabled, no energy is transferred from the auxiliary winding; hence the voltage on the VDD capacitor decays till the VDD under voltage threshold (VDDoff), which clears the latch. The start up HV current generator is still off, until VDD voltage goes below its restart voltage, VDDrest. After this condition the VDD capacitor is charged again by 600 mA current, and the converter switching restart if the VDDon occurs. If the fault condition is not removed the device enters in auto-restart mode. This behavioral, results in a low-frequency intermittent operation (Hiccup-mode operation), with very low stress on the power circuit. See the timing diagram of Figure 32.
Figure 32. Hiccup-mode OCP: timing diagram
VDD Vcc
Secondary diode is shorted here
VDDON VDD OFF
VDDrest Vcc
I RAIN D
I max D
t
V DS
t
t
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Package mechanical data
VIPER17
8
Package mechanical data
In order to meet environmental requirements, ST offers these devices in ECOPACK packages. These packages have a lead-free second level interconnect. The category of second Level Interconnect is marked on the package and on the inner box label, in compliance with JEDEC Standard JESD97. The maximum ratings related to soldering conditions are also marked on the inner box label. ECOPACK is an ST trademark. ECOPACK specifications are available at: www.st.com.
Table 10. DIP-7 mechanical data
mm Dim. Typ A A1 A2 b b2 c D E E1 e eA eB L M
(6)(8)
Min
Max 5,33
0,38 3,30 0,46 1,52 0,25 9,27 7,87 6,35 2,54 7,62 10,92 3,30 2,508 0,50 0,40 0,60 0,60 0,548 2,92 3,81 2,92 0,36 1,14 0,20 9,02 7,62 6,10 4,95 0,56 1,78 0,36 10,16 8,26 7,11
N N1 O (7)(8)
1- The leads size is comprehensive of the thickness of the leads finishing material. 2- Dimensions do not include mold protrusion, not to exceed 0,25 mm in total (both side). 3- Package outline exclusive of metal burrs dimensions. 4- Datum plane "H" coincident with the bottom of lead, where lead exits body. 5- Ref. POA MOTHER doc. 0037880 6- Creepage distance > 800 V 7- Creepage distance 250 V 8- Creepage distance as shown in the 664-1 CEI / IEC standard.
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VIPER17 Figure 33. Package dimensions
Package mechanical data
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Package mechanical data Table 11. SO16 narrow mechanical data
Dimensions Databook (mm.) Ref. Nom A A1 A2 b c D E E1 e L < h 1.63 0.15 1.47 0.41 0.20 9.93 5.99 3.94 1.27 0.64 5 0.33 0.41 0 0.25 0.89 8 0.41 Min 1.55 0.12 1.40 0.31 0.19 9.80 5.84 3.81 Max 1.73 0.25 1.55 0.49 0.25 9.98 6.20 3.99
VIPER17
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VIPER17 Figure 34. Package dimensions
Package mechanical data
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Revision history
VIPER17
9
Revision history
Table 12.
Date 14-Feb-2008 19-Feb-2008 21-Jul-2008 30-Sep-2008
Document revision history
Revision 1 2 3 4 Initial release Updated: Figure 1 on page 1, Figure 3 on page 5 Added new SO16 package Updated Equation 9, Equation 10 Changes
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VIPER17
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