PSD834F2V
Flash PSD, 3.3V Supply, for 8-bit MCUs 2 Mbit + 256 Kbit Dual Flash Memories and 64 Kbit SRAM
PRELIMINARY DATA
FEATUR ES SUMMARY s FL ASH IN-SYSTEM PROGRAMMABLE (ISP) PERIPHERAL FOR 8-BIT MCUs s 3.3 V10% SINGLE SUPPLY VOLTAGE s 2 MBIT OF PRIMARY FLASH MEMORY (8 UNIFORM SECTORS, 32K x 8) s 256 KBIT SECONDARY FLASH MEMORY (4 UNIFORM SECTORS) s 64 KBIT OF BATTERY-BACKED SRAM s OVER 3,000 GATES OF PLD: DPLD and CPLD s 27 RECONFIGURABLE I/O PORTS s ENHANCED JTAG SERIAL PORT s PROG RAMMABL E POWER MANAGEMENT s HIGH ENDURANCE: 100,000 Erase/WRITE Cycles of Flash Memory 1,000 Erase/WRITE Cycles of PLD
Figure 1. Packages
PQFP52 (M)
PLCC52 (J)
November 2003
This is preliminary information on a new product now in development or undergoing evaluation. Details are subject to change without notice. Rev . 2.0
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PSD834F2V
TABLE OF CONTENTS SUMMARY DESCRIPTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 KEY FEATURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 PSD ARCHITECTURAL OVERVIEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 M e m o ry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Page Register. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 PL Ds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 I/O Ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 MCU Bus Interface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 JTAG Port. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 In-System Programming (ISP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Power Management Unit (PMU) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 DEVELOPMENT SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 PIN DESCRIPTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 PSD REGISTER DESCRIPTION AND ADDRESS OFFSET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 DETAILED OPERATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 MEMORY BLOCKS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Primary Flash Memory and Secondary Flash memory Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Memory Block Select Signals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 INSTRUCTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Power-down Instruction and Power-up Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 R EAD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Programming Flash Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Erasing Flash Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Specific Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 S R A M . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Sector Select and SRAM Select . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Page Register. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
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PLDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 The Turbo Bit in PSD. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 D ecode PLD (DPLD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 C omplex PLD (CPLD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Output Macrocell (OMC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Product Term Allocator. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Input Macrocells (IMC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 MCU BUS INTERFACE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 I/O PORTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 General Port Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Port Operating Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 MCU I/O Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 PLD I/O Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 A ddress Out Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 A ddress In Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 D ata Port Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Peripheral I/O Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 JTAG In-System Programming (ISP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Port Configuration Registers (PCR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Port Data Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Ports A and B Functionality and Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Port D Structure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Port D Functionality and Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Port D Structure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 POWER MANAGEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 PLD Power Management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 PSD Chip Select Input (CSI, PD2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Input Clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Input Control Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
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RESET TIMING AND DEVICE STATUS AT RESET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 W arm Reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 I/O Pin, Register and PLD Status at Reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 R eset of Flash Memory Erase and Program Cycles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 PROGRAMMING IN-CIRCUIT USING THE JTAG SERIAL INTERFACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Standard JTAG Signals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 JTAG Extensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Security and Flash memory Protection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 INITIAL DELIVERY STATE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 AC/DC PARAMETERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 MAXIMU M RATING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 DC AND AC PARAMETERS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 PAC KAGE MECHANICAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 PAR T NUMBERING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 PQFQ52 PIN ASSIGNMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 PLCC52 PIN ASSIGNMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 REVISION HISTORY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
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SUMMARY DESCRIPTION The PSD family of memory systems for microcontrollers (MCUs) brings In-System-Programmability (ISP) to Flash memory and programmable logic. The result is a simple and flexible solution for embedded designs. PSD devices combine many of the peripheral functions found in MCU based applications. The CPLD in the PSD devices features an optimized macrocell logic architecture. The PSD macrocell was created to address the unique requirements of embedded system designs. It allows direct connection between the system address/data bus, and the internal PSD registers, to simplify communication between the MCU and other supporting devices. The PSD device includes a JTAG Serial Programming interface, to allow In-System Programming (ISP) of the entire device. This feature reduces development time, simplifies the manufacturing flow, and dramatically lowers the cost of field upgrades. Using ST's special Fast-JTAG programming, a design can be rapidly programmed into the PSD in as little as seven seconds. The innovative PSD family solves key problems faced by designers when managing discrete Flash memory devices, such as:
First-time In-System Programming (ISP) Complex address decoding Simulataneous READ and WRITE to the device. The JTAG Serial Interface block allows In-System Programming (ISP), and eliminates the need for an external Boot EPROM, or an external programmer. To simplify Flash memory updates, program execution is performed from a secondary Flash memory while the primary Flash memory is being updated. This solution avoids the complicated hardware and software overhead necessary to implement IAP. ST makes available a software development tool, PSDsoft Express, that generates ANSI-C compliant code for use with your target MCU. This code allow s you to manipulate the non-volatile memory (NVM) within the PSD. Code examples are also provided for: Flash memory IAP via the UART of the host MCU Memory paging to execute code across several PSD memory pages Loading, reading, and manipulation of PSD macrocells by the MCU.
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KEY FEATURES s A simple interface to 8-bit microcontrollers that use either multiplexed or non-multiplexed busses. The bus interface logic uses the control signals generated by the microcontroller automatically when the address is decoded and a READ or WRITE is performed. A partial list of the MCU families supported include: Intel 8031, 80196, 80186, 80C251, and 80386EX Motorola 68HC11, 68HC16, 68HC12, and 683XX Philips 8031 and 8051XA Zilog Z80 and Z8 s Interna l 2 Mbit Flash memory. This is the main Flash memory. It is divided into 8 equal-sized blocks that can be accessed with user-specified addresses. s Interna l secondary 256 Kbit Flash boot memory. It is divided into 4 equal-sized blocks that can be accessed with user-specified addresses. This secondary memory brings the ability to execute code and update the main Flash concurrently. s Interna l 64 Kbit SRAM. The SRAM's contents can be protected from a power failure by connecting an external battery. s CPLD with 16 Output macrocells (OMCs) and 24 Input macrocells (IMCs). The CPLD may be used to efficiently implement a variety of logic functions for internal and external control. Examples include state machines, loadable shift registers, and loadable counters.
s s
s s
s
s
s
Decode PLD (DPLD) that decodes address for selection of internal memory blocks. 27 individually configurable I/O port pins that can be used for the following functions: MCU I/Os PLD I/Os Latched MCU address output Special function I/Os. 16 of the I/O ports may be configured as open-drain outputs. Standby current as low as 25A. Built-in JTAG compliant serial port allows fullchip In-System Programmability (ISP). With it, you can program a blank device or reprogram a device in the factory or the field. Internal page register that can be used to expand the microcontroller address space by a factor of 256. Internal programmable Power Management Unit (PMU) that supports a low power mode called Power Down Mode. The PMU can automatically detect a lack of microcontroller activity and put the PSD into Power-down mode. Erase/W RITE cycles: Flash memory 100,000 minimum PLD 1,000 minimum Data Retention: 15 year minimum (for Main Flash memory, Boot, PLD and Configuration bits)
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ADDRESS/DATA/CONTROL BUS
PLD INPUT BUS PAGE REGISTER EMBEDDED ALGORITHM 8 SECTORS POWER MANGMT UNIT 2 MBIT PRIMARY FLASH MEMORY
Figure 2. PSD Block Diagram
8 VSTDBY (PC2)
CNTL0, CNTL1, CNTL2 SECTOR SELECTS FLASH DECODE PLD (DPLD) 73 SECTOR SELECTS SRAM SELECT PERIP I/O MODE SELECTS CSIOP ADIO PORT 73 FLASH ISP CPLD (CPLD) 3 EXT CS TO PORT D 16 OUTPUT MACROCELLS PORT A ,B & C 24 INPUT MACROCELLS CLKIN PORT A ,B & C RUNTIME CONTROL AND I/O REGISTERS 64 KBIT BATTERY BACKUP SRAM PROG. MCU BUS INTRF. 256 KBIT SECONDARY NON-VOLATILE MEMORY (BOOT OR DATA) 4 SECTORS
PROG. PORT PORT A
PA0 PA7
AD0 AD15
PROG. PORT PORT B
PB0 PB7
PROG. PORT GLOBAL CONFIG. & SECURITY CLKIN MACROCELL FEEDBACK OR PORT INPUT PORT C
PC0 PC7
PROG. PORT CLKIN (PD1) PLD, CONFIGURATION & FLASH MEMORY LOADER JTAG SERIAL CHANNEL PORT D
PD0 PD2
PSD 834F 2V
AI05793
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PSD ARCHITECTURAL OVERVIEW PSD devices contain several major functional blocks. Figure 2 shows the architecture of the PSD device family. The functions of each block are described briefly in the following sections. Many of the blocks perform multiple functions and are user configurable. Mem ory Each of the memory blocks is briefly discussed in the following paragraphs. A more detailed discussion can be found in the section entitled "MEMORY BLOCKS" on page 15. The 2 Mbit (256K x 8) Flash memory is the primary memory of the PSD. It is divided into 8 equallysized sectors that are individually selectable. The 256 Kbit (32K x 8) secondary Flash memory is divided into 4 equally-sized sectors. Each sector is individually selectable. The 64 Kbit SRAM is intended for use as a scratch-pad memory or as an extension to the MCU SRAM. If an external battery is connected to Voltage Stand-by (VSTBY, PC2), data is retained in the event of power failure. Each sector of memory can be located in a different address space as defined by the user. The access times for all memory types includes the address latching and DPLD decoding time. Page Register The 8-bit Page Register expands the address range of the MCU by up to 256 times. The paged address can be used as part of the address space to access external memory and peripherals, or internal memory and I/O. The Page Register can also be used to change the address mapping of sectors of the Flash memories into different memory spaces for IAP. PLDs The device contains two PLDs, the Decode PLD (DPLD) and the Complex PLD (CPLD), as shown in Table 1, each optimized for a different function. The functional partitioning of the PLDs reduces power consumption, optimizes cost/performance, and eases design entry.
Table 1. PLD I/O
Name Decode PLD (DPLD) Complex PLD (CPLD) Inputs 73 73 Outputs 17 19 Product Terms 42 140
The DPLD is used to decode addresses and to generate Sector Select signals for the PSD internal memory and registers. The DPLD has combinatorial outputs. The CPLD has 16 Output Macrocells (OMC) and 3 combinatorial outputs. The PSD also has 24 Input Macrocells (IMC) that can be configured as inputs to the PLDs. The PLDs receive their inputs from the PLD Input Bus and are differentiated by their output destinations, number of product terms, and macrocells. The PLDs consume minimal power. The speed and power consumption of the PLD is controlled by the Turbo Bit in PMMR0 and other bits in the PMMR2. These registers are set by the MCU at run-time. There is a slight penalty to PLD propagation time when invoking the power management features. I/O Ports The PSD has 27 individually configurable I/O pins distributed over the four ports (Port A, B, C, and D). Each I/O pin can be individually configured for different functions. Ports can be configured as standard MCU I/O ports, PLD I/O, or latched address outputs for MCUs using multiplexed address/data buses. The JTAG pins can be enabled on Port C for InSystem Programming (ISP). Ports A and B can also be configured as a data port for a non-multiplexed bus. MCU Bus Interface PSD interfaces easily with most 8-bit MCUs that have either multiplexed or non-multiplexed address/data buses. The device is configured to respond to the MCU's control signals, which are also used as inputs to the PLDs. For examples, please see the section entitled "MCU Bus Interface Examples" on page 41.
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JTAG Port In-System Programming (ISP) can be performed through the JTAG signals on Port C. This serial interface allows complete programming of the entire PSD device. A blank device can be completely programmed. The JTAG signals (TMS, TCK, TSTAT, TERR, TDI, TDO) can be multiplexed with other functions on Port C. Table 2 indicates the JTAG pin assignments. In-System Programming (ISP) Using the JTAG signals on Port C, the entire PSD device can be programmed or erased without the use of the MCU. The primary Flash memory can also be programmed in-system by the MCU executing the programming algorithms out of the secondary memory, or SRAM. The secondary memory can be programmed the same way by executing out of the primary Flash memory. The PLD or other PSD Configuration blocks can be programmed through the JTAG port or a device programmer. Table 3 indicates which programming methods can program different functional blocks of the PSD. Power Management Unit (PMU) The Power Management Unit (PMU) gives the user control of the power consumption on selected functional blocks based on system requirements. The PMU includes an Automatic Power-down
(APD) Unit that turns off device functions during MCU inactivity. The APD Unit has a Power-down mode that helps reduce power consumption. The PSD also has some bits that are configured at run-time by the MCU to reduce power consumption of the CPLD. The Turbo Bit in PMMR0 can be reset to '0' and the CPLD latches its outputs and goes to sleep until the next transition on its inputs. Additionally, bits in PMMR2 can be set by the MCU to block signals from entering the CPLD to reduce power consumption. Please see the section entitled "POWER MANAGEMENT" on page 56 for more details. Table 2. JTAG SIgnals on Port C
Port C Pins PC0 PC1 PC3 PC4 PC5 PC6 TMS TCK TSTAT TERR TDI TDO JTAG Signal
Table 3. Methods of Programming Different Functional Blocks of the PSD
Functional Block Primary Flash Memory Secondary Flash Memory PLD Array (DPLD and CPLD) PSD Configuration JTAG Programming Yes Yes Yes Yes Device Programmer Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No IAP
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DEVELOPMENT SYSTEM The PSD family is supported by PSDsoft Express, a Windows-based software development tool. A PSD design is quickly and easily produced in a point and click environment. The designer does not need to enter Hardware Description Language (HDL) equations, unless desired, to define PSD pin functions and memory map information. The general design flow is shown in Figure 3. PSDsoft Express is available from our web site (the ad-
dress is given on the back page of this data sheet) or other distribution channels. PSDsoft Express directly supports two low cost device programmers form ST: PSDpro and FlashLINK (JTAG). Both of these programmers may be purchased through your local distributor/ representative, or directly from our web site using a credit card. The PSD is also supported by third party device programmers. See our web site for the current list.
Figure 3. PSDsoft Express Development Tool
PSDabel
PLD DESCRIPTION MODIFY ABEL TEMPLATE FILE OR GENERATE NEW FILE
PSD Configuration
CONFIGURE MCU BUS INTERFACE AND OTHER PSD ATTRIBUTES
PSD TOOLS
GENERATE C CODE SPECIFIC TO PSD FUNCTIONS
PSD Fitter
LOGIC SYNTHESIS AND FITTING ADDRESS TRANSLATION AND MEMORY MAPPING FIRMWARE HEX OR S-RECORD FORMAT USER'S CHOICE OF MICROCONTROLLER COMPILER/LINKER
*.OBJ FILE
PSD Simulator
PSDsilos III DEVICE SIMULATION (OPTIONAL)
PSD Programmer
PSDPro, or FlashLINK (JTAG)
*.OBJ AND *.SVF FILES AVAILABLE FOR 3rd PARTY PROGRAMMERS (CONVENTIONAL or JTAG-ISC)
AI04918
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PSD 834F 2V
PIN DESCRIPTION Table 4 describes the signal names and signal functions of the PSD. Table 4. Pin Description (for the PLCC52 package - Note 1)
Pin Name Pin Type Description This is the lower Address/Data port. Connect your MCU address or address/data bus according to the following rules: 1. If your MCU has a multiplexed address/data bus where the data is multiplexed with the lower address bits, connect AD0-AD7 to this port. 2. If your MCU does not have a multiplexed address/data bus, or you are using an 80C251 in page mode, connect A0-A7 to this port. 3. If you are using an 80C51XA in burst mode, connect A4/D0 through A11/D7 to this port. ALE or AS latches the address. The PSD drives data out only if the READ signal is active and one of the PSD functional blocks was selected. The addresses on this port are passed to the PLDs. This is the upper Address/Data port. Connect your MCU address or address/data bus according to the following rules: 1. If your MCU has a multiplexed address/data bus where the data is multiplexed with the lower address bits, connect A8-A15 to this port. 2. If your MCU does not have a multiplexed address/data bus, connect A8-A15 to this port. 3. If you are using an 80C251 in page mode, connect AD8-AD15 to this port. 4. If you are using an 80C51XA in burst mode, connect A12/D8 through A19/D15 to this port. ALE or AS latches the address. The PSD drives data out only if the READ signal is active and one of the PSD functional blocks was selected. The addresses on this port are passed to the PLDs. The following control signals can be connected to this port, based on your MCU: 1. WR active Low Write Strobe input. 2. R_W active High READ/active Low WRITE input. This port is connected to the PLDs. Therefore, these signals can be used in decode and other logic equations. The following control signals can be connected to this port, based on your MCU: 1. RD active Low Read Strobe input. 2. E E clock input. 3. DS active Low Data Strobe input. 4. PSEN connect PSEN to this port when it is being used as an active Low READ signal. For example, when the 80C251 outputs more than 16 address bits, PSEN is actually the READ signal. This port is connected to the PLDs. Therefore, these signals can be used in decode and other logic equations. This port can be used to input the PSEN (Program Select Enable) signal from any MCU that uses this signal for code exclusively. If your MCU does not output a Program Select Enable signal, this port can be used as a generic input. This port is connected to the PLDs. Resets I/O Ports, PLD macrocells and some of the Configuration Registers. Must be Low at Power-up.
ADIO0-7
30-37
I/O
ADIO8-15
39-46
I/O
CNTL0
47
I
CNTL1
50
I
CNTL2
49
I
Reset
48
I
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Pin Name Pin Type Description These pins make up Port A. These port pins are configurable and can have the following functions: 1. MCU I/O write to or read from a standard output or input port. 2. CPLD macrocell (McellAB0-7) outputs. 3. Inputs to the PLDs. 4. Latched address outputs (see Table 5). 5. Address inputs. For example, PA0-3 could be used for A0-A3 when using an 80C51XA in burst mode. 6. As the data bus inputs D0-D7 for non-multiplexed address/data bus MCUs. 7. D0/A16-D3/A19 in M37702M2 mode. 8. Peripheral I/O mode. Note: PA0-PA3 can only output CMOS signals with an option for high slew rate. However, PA4-PA7 can be configured as CMOS or Open Drain Outputs. These pins make up Port B. These port pins are configurable and can have the following functions: 1. MCU I/O write to or read from a standard output or input port. 2. CPLD macrocell (McellAB0-7 or McellBC0-7) outputs. 3. Inputs to the PLDs. 4. Latched address outputs (see Table 5). Note: PB0-PB3 can only output CMOS signals with an option for high slew rate. However, PB4-PB7 can be configured as CMOS or Open Drain Outputs. PC0 pin of Port C. This port pin can be configured to have the following functions: 1. MCU I/O write to or read from a standard output or input port. 2. CPLD macrocell (McellBC0) output. 3. Input to the PLDs. 4. TMS Input2 for the JTAG Serial Interface. This pin can be configured as a CMOS or Open Drain output. PC1 pin of Port C. This port pin can be configured to have the following functions: 1. MCU I/O write to or read from a standard output or input port. 2. CPLD macrocell (McellBC1) output. 3. Input to the PLDs. 4. TCK Input2 for the JTAG Serial Interface. This pin can be configured as a CMOS or Open Drain output. PC2 pin of Port C. This port pin can be configured to have the following functions: 1. MCU I/O write to or read from a standard output or input port. 2. CPLD macrocell (McellBC2) output. 3. Input to the PLDs. 4. VSTBY SRAM stand-by voltage input for SRAM battery backup. This pin can be configured as a CMOS or Open Drain output. PC3 pin of Port C. This port pin can be configured to have the following functions: 1. MCU I/O write to or read from a standard output or input port. 2. CPLD macrocell (McellBC3) output. 3. Input to the PLDs. 4. TSTAT output2 for the JTAG Serial Interface. 5. Ready/Busy output for parallel In-System Programming (ISP). This pin can be configured as a CMOS or Open Drain output. PC4 pin of Port C. This port pin can be configured to have the following functions: 1. MCU I/O write to or read from a standard output or input port. 2. CPLD macrocell (McellBC4) output. 3. Input to the PLDs. 4. TERR output2 for the JTAG Serial Interface. 5. Battery-on Indicator (VBATON). Goes High when power is being drawn from the external battery. This pin can be configured as a CMOS or Open Drain output.
PA0 PA1 PA2 PA3 PA4 PA5 PA6 PA7
29 28 27 25 24 23 22 21
I/O
P B0 P B1 P B2 P B3 P B4 P B5 P B6 P B7
7 6 5 4 3 2 52 51
I/O
PC0
20
I/O
PC1
19
I/O
PC2
18
I/O
PC3
17
I/O
PC4
14
I/O
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Pin Name Pin Type Description PC5 pin of Port C. This port pin can be configured to have the following functions: 1. MCU I/O write to or read from a standard output or input port. 2. CPLD macrocell (McellBC5) output. 3. Input to the PLDs. 4. TDI input2 for the JTAG Serial Interface. This pin can be configured as a CMOS or Open Drain output. PC6 pin of Port C. This port pin can be configured to have the following functions: 1. MCU I/O write to or read from a standard output or input port. 2. CPLD macrocell (McellBC6) output. 3. Input to the PLDs. 4. TDO output2 for the JTAG Serial Interface. This pin can be configured as a CMOS or Open Drain output. PC7 pin of Port C. This port pin can be configured to have the following functions: 1. MCU I/O write to or read from a standard output or input port. 2. CPLD macrocell (McellBC7) output. 3. Input to the PLDs. 4. DBE active Low Data Byte Enable input from 68HC912 type MCUs. This pin can be configured as a CMOS or Open Drain output. PD0 pin of Port D. This port pin can be configured to have the following functions: 1. ALE/AS input latches address output from the MCU. 2. MCU I/O write or read from a standard output or input port. 3. Input to the PLDs. 4. CPLD output (External Chip Select). PD1 pin of Port D. This port pin can be configured to have the following functions: 1. MCU I/O write to or read from a standard output or input port. 2. Input to the PLDs. 3. CPLD output (External Chip Select). 4. CLKIN clock input to the CPLD macrocells, the APD Unit's Power-down counter, and the CPLD AND Array. PD2 pin of Port D. This port pin can be configured to have the following functions: 1. MCU I/O write to or read from a standard output or input port. 2. Input to the PLDs. 3. CPLD output (External Chip Select). 4. PSD Chip Select Input (CSI). When Low, the MCU can access the PSD memory and I/ O. When High, the PSD memory blocks are disabled to conserve power. Supply Voltage Ground pins
PC5
13
I/O
PC6
12
I/O
PC7
11
I/O
PD0
10
I/O
PD1
9
I/O
PD2
8
I/O
V CC G ND
15, 38 1, 16, 26
Note: 1. The pin numbers in this table are for the PLCC package only. See the package information, on page 90 onwards, for pin numbers on other package types. 2. These functions can be multiplexed with other functions.
PSD REGISTER DESCRIPTION AND ADDRESS OFFSET Table 6 provides brief descriptions of the registers Table 6 shows the offset addresses to the PSD in CSIOP space. The following section gives a registers relative to the CSIOP base address. The more detailed description. CSIOP space is the 256 bytes of address that is allocated by the user to the internal PSD registers.
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Table 5. I/O Port Latched Address Output Assignments (Note 1)
Port A MCU Port A (3:0) 8051XA (8-bit) 80C251 (page mode) All other 8-bit multiplexed 8-bit non-multiplexed bus N/A N/A Address a3-a0 N/A Port A (7:4) Address a7-a4 N/A Address a7-a4 N/A Port B (3:0) Address a11-a8 Address a11-a8 Address a3-a0 Address a3-a0 N/A Address a15-a12 Address a7-a4 Address a7-a4 Port B (7:4) Port B
Note: 1. See the section entitled "I/O PORTS", on page 46, on how to enable the Latched Address Output function. 2. N/A = Not Applicable
Table 6. Register Address Offset
Register Name Data In Control Data Out Direction Drive Select Input Macrocell Enable Out Output Macrocells AB Output Macrocells BC Mask Macrocells AB Mask Macrocells BC Primary Flash Protection Secondary Flash memory Protection JTAG Enable PMMR0 PMMR2 Page VM
Note: 1. Other registers that are not part of the I/O ports.
Port A 00 02 04 06 08 0A 0C 20
Port B 01 03 05 07 09 0B 0D 20 21
Port C 10
Port D 11
Other1
Description Reads Port pin as input, MCU I/O input mode Selects mode between MCU I/O or Address Out
12 14 16 18 1A
13 15 17
Stores data for output to Port pins, MCU I/O output mode Configures Port pin as input or output Configures Port pins as either CMOS or Open Drain on some pins, while selecting high slew rate on other pins. Reads Input Macrocells
1B
Reads the status of the output enable to the I/O Port driver READ reads output of macrocells AB WRITE loads macrocell flip-flops
21
READ reads output of macrocells BC WRITE loads macrocell flip-flops Blocks writing to the Output Macrocells AB
22
22 23 23 C0 C2 C7 B0 B4 E0 E2
Blocks writing to the Output Macrocells BC Read only Primary Flash Sector Protection Read only PSD Security and Secondary Flash memory Sector Protection Enables JTAG Port Power Management Register 0 Power Management Register 2 Page Register Places PSD memory areas in Program and/or Data space on an individual basis.
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DETAILED OPERATION As shown in Figure 2, the PSD consists of six major types of functional blocks: s Memo ry Blocks s PLD Blocks s MCU Bus Interface s I/O Ports s Power Management Unit (PMU) s JTAG Interface The functions of each block are described in the following sections. Many of the blocks perform multiple functions, and are user configurable.
MEMORY BLOCKS The PSD has the following memory blocks: Primary Flash memory Secondary Flash memory S RA M The Memory Select signals for these blocks originate from the Decode PLD (DPLD) and are userdefined in PSDsoft Express. Primary Flash Memory and Secondary Flash memory Description The primary Flash memory is divided evenly into eight equal sectors. The secondary Flash memory is divided into four equal sectors. Each sector of either memory block can be separately protected from Program and Erase cycles. Flash memory may be erased on a sector-by-sector basis. Flash sector erasure may be suspended while data is read from other sectors of the block and then resumed after reading. During a Program or Erase cycle in Flash memory, the status can be output on Ready/Busy (PC3). This pin is set up using PSDsoft Express Configuration. Mem ory Block Select Signals The DPLD generates the Select signals for all the internal memory blocks (see the section entitled "PLD S", on page 27). Each of the eight sectors of
the primary Flash memory has a Select signal (FS0-FS7) which can contain up to three product terms. Each of the four sectors of the secondary Flash memory has a Select signal (CSBOOT0CSBOOT3) which can contain up to three product terms. Having three product terms for each Select signal allows a given sector to be mapped in different areas of system memory. When using a MCU with separate Program and Data space, these flexible Select signals allow dynamic re-mapping of sectors from one memory space to the other. Ready/Busy (PC3). This signal can be used to output the Ready/Busy status of the PSD. The output on Ready/Busy (PC3) is a 0 (Busy) when Flash memory is being written to, or when Flash memory is being erased. The output is a 1 (Ready) when no WRITE or Erase cycle is in progress. Mem ory Operation. The primary Flash memory and secondary Flash memory are addressed through the MCU Bus Interface. The MCU can access these memories in one of two ways: s Th e MCU can execute a typical bus WRITE or READ operation just as it would if accessing a RAM or ROM device using standard bus cycles. s T h e MCU can execute a specific instruction that consists of several WRITE and READ operations. This involves writing specific data patterns to special addresses within the Flash memory to invoke an embedded algorithm. These instructions are summarized in Table 7. Typically, the MCU can read Flash memory using READ operations, just as it would read a ROM device. However, Flash memory can only be altered using specific Erase and Program instructions. For example, the MCU cannot write a single byte directly to Flash memory as it would write a byte to RAM. To program a byte into Flash memory, the MCU must execute a Program instruction, then test the status of the Program cycle. This status test is achieved by a READ operation or polling Ready/Busy (PC3). Flash memory can also be read by using special instructions to retrieve particular Flash device information (sector protect status and ID).
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Table 7. Instructions
Instruction READ5 Read Main Flash ID6 Read Sector Protection6,8,13 Program a Flash Byte13 Flash Sector Erase7,13 Flash Bulk Erase13 Suspend Sector Erase11 Resume Sector Erase12 Reset6 Unlock Bypass Unlock Bypass Program9 Unlock Bypass Reset10 FS0-FS7 or CSBOOT0CSBOOT3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Cycle 1 "Read" RD @ RA AAh@ X555h AAh@ X555h AAh@ X555h AAh@ X555h AAh@ X555h B0h@ XXXXh 30h@ XXXXh F0h@ XXXXh AAh@ X555h A0h@ XXXXh 90h@ XXXXh 55h@ XAAAh PD@ PA 00h@ XXXXh 20h@ X555h 55h@ XAAAh 55h@ XAAAh 55h@ XAAAh 55h@ XAAAh 55h@ XAAAh 90h@ X555h 90h@ X555h A0h@ X555h 80h@ X555h 80h@ X555h Read identifier (A6,A1,A0 = 0,0,1) Read identifier (A6,A1,A0 = 0,1,0) PD@ PA AAh@ XAAAh AAh@ XAAAh 55h@ XAAAh 55h@ XAAAh 30h@ SA 10h@ X555h 30h7@ next SA Cycle 2 Cycle 3 Cycle 4 Cycle 5 Cycle 6 Cycle 7
Note: 1. All bus cycles are WRITE bus cycles, except the ones with the "Read" label 2. All values are in hexadecimal: X = Don't Care. Addresses of the form XXXXh, in this table, must be even addresses RA = Address of the memory location to be read RD = Data read from location RA during the READ cycle PA = Address of the memory location to be programmed. Addresses are latched on the falling edge of Write Strobe (WR , CNTL0). PA is an even address for PSD in word programming mode. PD = Data word to be programmed at location PA. Data is latched on the rising edge of Write Strobe (WR, CNTL0) SA = Address of the sector to be erased or verified. The Sector Select (FS0-FS7 or CSBOOT0-CSBOOT3) of the sector to be erased, or verified, must be Active (High). 3. Sector Select (FS0 to FS7 or CSBOOT0 to CSBOOT3) signals are active High, and are defined in PSDsoft Express. 4. Only address bits A11-A0 are used in instruction decoding. 5. No Unlock or instruction cycles are required when the device is in the READ Mode 6. The Reset instruction is required to return to the READ Mode after reading the Flash ID, or after reading the Sector Protection Status, or if the Error Flag (DQ5/DQ13) Bit goes High. 7. Additional sectors to be erased must be written at the end of the Sector Erase instruction within 80s. 8. The data is 00h for an unprotected sector, and 01h for a protected sector. In the fourth cycle, the Sector Select is active, and (A1,A0)= (1,0) 9. The Unlock Bypass instruction is required prior to the Unlock Bypass Program instruction. 10. The Unlock Bypass Reset Flash instruction is required to return to reading memory data when the device is in the Unlock Bypass mode. 11. The system may perform Read and Program cycles in non-erasing sectors, read the Flash ID or read the Sector Protection Status when in the Suspend Sector Erase mode. The Suspend Sector Erase instruction is valid only during a Sector Erase cycle. 12. The Resume Sector Erase instruction is valid only during the Suspend Sector Erase mode. 13. The MCU cannot invoke these instructions while executing code from the same Flash memory as that for which the instruction is intended. The MCU must fetch, for example, the code from the secondary Flash memory when reading the Sector Protection Status of the primary Flash memory.
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INSTRUCTIONS An instruction consists of a sequence of specific operations. Each received byte is sequentially decoded by the PSD and not executed as a standard WRITE operation. The instruction is executed when the correct number of bytes are properly received and the time between two consecutive bytes is shorter than the time-out period. Some instructions are structured to include READ operations after the initial WRITE operations. The instruction must be followed exactly. Any invalid combination of instruction bytes or time-out between two consecutive bytes while addressing Flash memory resets the device logic into READ Mode (Flash memory is read like a ROM device). The PSD supports the instructions summarized in Table 7: Flash memory: s Erase memory by chip or sector s Suspend or resume sector erase s Program a Byte s Reset to READ Mode s Read primary Flash Identifier value s Read Sector Protection Status s B y pas s These instructions are detailed in Table 7. For efficient decoding of the instructions, the first two bytes of an instruction are the coded cycles and are followed by an instruction byte or confirmation byte. The coded cycles consist of writing the data AAh to address X555h during the first cycle and data 55h to address XAAAh during the second cycle. Address signals A15-A12 are Don't Care during the instruction WRITE cycles. However, the appropriate Sector Select (FS0-FS7 or CSBOOT0-CSBOOT3) must be selected. The primary and secondary Flash memories have the same instruction set (except for Read Primary Flash Identifier). The Sector Select signals determine which Flash memory is to receive and execute the instruction. The primary Flash memory is selected if any one of Sector Select (FS0-FS7) is High, and the secondary Flash memory is selected if any one of Sector Select (CSBOOT0CSBOOT3) is High. Power-down Instruction and Power-up Mode Power-up Mode. The PSD internal logic is reset upon Power-up to the READ Mode. Sector Select (FS0-FS7 and CSBOOT0-CSBOOT3) must be
held Low, and Write Strobe (WR, CNTL0) High, during Power-up for maximum security of the data contents and to remove the possibility of a byte being written on the first edge of Write Strobe (WR, CNTL0). Any WRITE cycle initiation is locked when VCC is below VLKO. REA D Under typical conditions, the MCU may read the primary Flash memory or the secondary Flash memory using READ operations just as it would a ROM or RAM device. Alternately, the MCU may use READ operations to obtain status information about a Program or Erase cycle that is currently in progress. Lastly, the MCU may use instructions to read special data from these memory blocks. The following sections describe these READ functions. Read Memory Contents. Primary Flash memory and secondary Flash memory are placed in the READ Mode after Power-up, chip reset, or a Reset Flash instruction (see Table 7). The MCU can read the memory contents of the primary Flash memory or the secondary Flash memory by using READ operations any time the READ operation is not part of an instruction. Read Primary Flash Identifier. The primary Flash memory identifier is read with an instruction composed of 4 operations: 3 specific WRITE operations and a READ operation (see Table 7). During the READ operation, address Bits A6, A1, and A0 must be '0,' '0,' and '1,' respectively, and the appropriate Sector Select (FS0-FS7) must be High. The identifier for the device is E7h. Read Memory Sector Protection Status. The primary Flash memory Sector Protection Status is read with an instruction composed of 4 operations: 3 specific WRITE operations and a READ operation (see Table 7). During the READ operation, address Bits A6, A1, and A0 must be '0,' '1,' and '0,' respectively, while Sector Select (FS0-FS7 or CSBOOT0-CSBOOT3) designates the Flash memory sector whose protection has to be verified. The READ operation produces 01h if the Flash memory sector is protected, or 00h if the sector is not protected. The sector protection status for all NVM blocks (primary Flash memory or secondary Flash memory) can also be read by the MCU accessing the Flash Protection registers in PSD I/O space. See the section entitled "Flash Memory Sector Protect", on page 22, for register definitions.
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Reading the Erase/Program Status Bits. The PSD provides several status bits to be used by the MCU to confirm the completion of an Erase or Program cycle of Flash memory. These status bits minimize the time that the MCU spends performing these tasks and are defined in Table 8. The status bits can be read as many times as needed. For Flash memory, the MCU can perform a READ operation to obtain these status bits while an Erase or Program instruction is being executed by the embedded algorithm. See the section entitled "Programming Flash Memory", on page 19, for details. Data Polling Flag (DQ7). When erasing or programming in Flash memory, the Data Polling Flag (DQ7) Bit outputs the complement of the bit being entered for programming/writing on the DQ7 Bit. Once the Program instruction or the WRITE operation is completed, the true logic value is read on the Data Polling Flag (DQ7) Bit (in a READ operation). s Data Polling is effective after the fourth WRITE pulse (for a Program instruction) or after the sixth WRITE pulse (for an Erase instruction). It must be performed at the address being programmed or at an address within the Flash memory sector being erased. s During an Erase cycle, the Data Polling Flag (DQ7) Bit outputs a '0.' After completion of the cycle, the Data Polling Flag (DQ7) Bit outputs the last bit programmed (it is a '1' after erasing). s If the byte to be programmed is in a protected Flash memory sector, the instruction is ignored. s If all the Flash memory sectors to be erased are protected, the Data Polling Flag (DQ7) Bit is reset to '0' for about 100s, and then returns to the previous addressed byte. No erasure is performed. Toggle Flag (DQ6). The PSD offers another way for determining when the Flash memory Program cycle is completed. During the internal WRITE operation and when either the FS0-FS7 or CSBOOT0-CSBOOT3 is true, the Toggle Flag (DQ6) Bit toggles from '0' to '1' and '1' to '0' on subsequent attempts to read any byte of the memory. Table 8. Status Bit
Functional Block FS0-FS7/CSBOOT0CSBOOT3 VIH DQ7 Data Polling DQ6 Toggle Flag DQ5 Error Flag DQ4 DQ3 Erase Timeout DQ2 DQ1 DQ0
When the internal cycle is complete, the toggling stops and the data READ on the Data Bus D0-D7 is the addressed memory byte. The device is now accessible for a new READ or WRITE operation. The cycle is finished when two successive READs yield the same output data. s Th e Toggle Flag (DQ6) Bit is effective after the fourth WRITE pulse (for a Program instruction) or after the sixth WRITE pulse (for an Erase instruction). s If the byte to be programmed belongs to a protected Flash memory sector, the instruction is ignored. s If all the Flash memory sectors selected for erasure are protected, the Toggle Flag (DQ6) Bit toggles to '0' for about 100s and then returns to the previous addressed byte. Error Flag (DQ5). During a normal Program or Erase cycle, the Error Flag (DQ5) Bit is to '0.' This bit is set to '1' when there is a failure during Flash memory Byte Program, Sector Erase, or Bulk Erase cycle. In the case of Flash memory programming, the Error Flag (DQ5) Bit indicates the attempt to program a Flash memory bit from the programmed state, '0,' to the erased state, '1,' which is not valid. The Error Flag (DQ5) Bit may also indicate a Time-out condition while attempting to program a byte. In case of an error in a Flash memory Sector Erase or Byte Program cycle, the Flash memory sector in which the error occurred or to which the programmed byte belongs must no longer be used. Other Flash memory sectors may still be used. The Error Flag (DQ5) Bit is reset after a Reset Flash instruction. Erase Time-out Flag (DQ3). The Erase Timeout Flag (DQ3) Bit reflects the time-out period allowed between two consecutive Sector Erase instructions. The Erase Time-out Flag (DQ3) Bit is reset to '0' after a Sector Erase cycle for a time period of 100s + 20% unless an additional Sector Erase instruction is decoded. After this time period, or when the additional Sector Erase instruction is decoded, the Erase Time-out Flag (DQ3) Bit is set to '1.'
Flash Memory
X
X
X
X
Note: 1. X = Not guaranteed value, can be read either 1 or 0. 2. DQ7-DQ0 represent the Data Bus Bits, D7-D0. 3. FS0-FS7 and CSBOOT0-CSBOOT3 are active High.
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Programming Flash Memory Flash memory must be erased prior to being programmed. A byte of Flash memory is erased to all 1s (FFh), and is programmed by setting selected bits to '0.' The MCU may erase Flash memory all at once or by-sector, but not byte-by-byte. However, the MCU may program Flash memory byte-bybyte. The primary and secondary Flash memories require the MCU to send an instruction to program a byte or to erase sectors (see Table 7). Once the MCU issues a Flash memory Program or Erase instruction, it must check for the status bits for completion. The embedded algorithms that are invoked inside the PSD support several means to provide status to the MCU. Status may be checked using any of three methods: Data Polling, Data Toggle, or Ready/Busy (PC3). Data Polling. Polling on the Data Polling Flag (DQ7) Bit is a method of checking whether a Program or Erase cycle is in progress or has completed. Figure 4 shows the Data Polling algorithm. When the MCU issues a Program instruction, the embedded algorithm within the PSD begins. The MCU then reads the location of the byte to be programmed in Flash memory to check status. The Data Polling Flag (DQ7) Bit of this location becomes the complement of b7 of the original data byte to be programmed. The MCU continues to poll this location, comparing the Data Polling Flag (DQ7) Bit and monitoring the Error Flag (DQ5) Bit. When the Data Polling Flag (DQ7) Bit matches b7 of the original data, and the Error Flag (DQ5) Bit remains '0,' the embedded algorithm is complete. If the Error Flag (DQ5) Bit is '1,' the MCU should test the Data Polling Flag (DQ7) Bit again since the Data Polling Flag (DQ7) Bit may have changed simultaneously with the Error Flag (DQ5) Bit (see Figure 4). The Error Flag (DQ5) Bit is set if either an internal time-out occurred while the embedded algorithm attempted to program the byte or if the MCU attempted to program a '1' to a bit that was not erased (not erased is logic 0). It is suggested (as with all Flash memories) to read the location again after the embedded program-
ming algorithm has completed, to compare the byte that was written to the Flash memory with the byte that was intended to be written. When using the Data Polling method during an Erase cycle, Figure 4 still applies. However, the Data Polling Flag (DQ7) Bit is '0' until the Erase cycle is complete. A '1' on the Error Flag (DQ5) Bit indicates a time-out condition on the Erase cycle; a '0' indicates no error. The MCU can read any location within the sector being erased to get the Data Polling Flag (DQ7) Bit and the Error Flag (DQ5) Bit. PSDsoft Express generates ANSI C code functions which implement these Data Polling algorithms. Figure 4. Data Polling Flowchart
START
READ DQ5 & DQ7 at VALID ADDRESS
DQ7 = DATA NO NO
YES
DQ5 =1 YES READ DQ7
DQ7 = DATA NO FAIL
YES
PASS
AI01369B
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Data Toggle. Checking the Toggle Flag (DQ6) Bit is a method of determining whether a Program or Erase cycle is in progress or has completed. Figure 5 shows the Data Toggle algorithm. When the MCU issues a Program instruction, the embedded algorithm within the PSD begins. The MCU then reads the location of the byte to be programmed in Flash memory to check status. The Toggle Flag (DQ6) Bit of this location toggles each time the MCU reads this location until the embedded algorithm is complete. The MCU continues to read this location, checking the Toggle Flag (DQ6) Bit and monitoring the Error Flag (DQ5) Bit. When the Toggle Flag (DQ6) Bit stops toggling (two consecutive READs yield the same value), and the Error Flag (DQ5) Bit remains '0,' the embedded algorithm is complete. If the Error Flag (DQ5) Bit is '1,' the MCU should test the Toggle Flag (DQ6) Bit again, since the Toggle Flag (DQ6) Bit may have changed simultaneously with the Error Flag (DQ5) Bit (see Figure 5). Figure 5. Data Toggle Flowchart
START
READ DQ5 & DQ6
DQ6 = TOGGLE YES NO
NO
DQ5 =1 YES READ DQ6
DQ6 = TOGGLE YES FAIL
NO
PASS
The Error Flag (DQ5) Bit is set if either an internal time-out occurred while the embedded algorithm attempted to program the byte, or if the MCU attempted to program a '1' to a bit that was not erased (not erased is logic '0'). It is suggested (as with all Flash memories) to read the location again after the embedded programming algorithm has completed, to compare the byte that was written to Flash memory with the byte that was intended to be written. When using the Data Toggle method after an Erase cycle, Figure 5 still applies. the Toggle Flag (DQ6) Bit toggles until the Erase cycle is complete. A 1 on the Error Flag (DQ5) Bit indicates a time-out condition on the Erase cycle; a 0 indicates no error. The MCU can read any location within the sector being erased to get the Toggle Flag (DQ6) Bit and the Error Flag (DQ5) Bit. PSDsoft Express generates ANSI C code functions which implement these Data Toggling algorithms. Unlock Bypass. The Unlock Bypass instructions allow the system to program bytes to the Flash memories faster than using the standard Program instruction. The Unlock Bypass mode is entered by first initiating two Unlock cycles. This is followed by a third WRITE cycle containing the Unlock Bypass code, 20h (as shown in Table 7). The Flash memory then enters the Unlock Bypass mode. A two-cycle Unlock Bypass Program instruction is all that is required to program in this mode. The first cycle in this instruction contains the Unlock Bypass Program code, A0h. The second cycle contains the program address and data. Additional data is programmed in the same manner. These instructions dispense with the initial two Unlock cycles required in the standard Program instruction, resulting in faster total Flash memory programming. During the Unlock Bypass mode, only the Unlock Bypass Program and Unlock Bypass Reset Flash instructions are valid. To exit the Unlock Bypass mode, the system must issue the two-cycle Unlock Bypass Reset Flash instruction. The first cycle must contain the data 90h; the second cycle the data 00h. Addresses are Don't Care for both cycles. The Flash memory then returns to READ Mode.
AI01370B
20/95
PSD 834F 2V
Erasing Flash Memory Flash Bulk Erase. The Flash Bulk Erase instruction uses six WRITE operations followed by a READ operation of the status register, as described in Table 7. If any byte of the Bulk Erase instruction is wrong, the Bulk Erase instruction aborts and the device is reset to the Read Flash memory status. During a Bulk Erase, the memory status may be checked by reading the Error Flag (DQ5) Bit, the Toggle Flag (DQ6) Bit, and the Data Polling Flag (DQ7) Bit, as detailed in the section entitled "Programming Flash Memory", on page 19. The Error Flag (DQ5) Bit returns a '1' if there has been an Erase Failure (maximum number of Erase cycles have been executed). It is not necessary to program the memory with 00h because the PSD automatically does this before erasing to 0FFh. During execution of the Bulk Erase instruction, the Flash memory does not accept any instructions. Flash Sector Erase. The Sector Erase instruction uses six WRITE operations, as described in Table 7. Additional Flash Sector Erase codes and Flash memory sector addresses can be written subsequently to erase other Flash memory sectors in parallel, without further coded cycles, if the additional bytes are transmitted in a shorter time than the time-out period of about 100s. The input of a new Sector Erase code restarts the time-out period. The status of the internal timer can be monitored through the level of the Erase Time-out Flag (DQ3) Bit. If the Erase Time-out Flag (DQ3) Bit is '0,' the Sector Erase instruction has been received and the time-out period is counting. If the Erase Timeout Flag (DQ3) Bit is '1,' the time-out period has expired and the PSD is busy erasing the Flash memory sector(s). Before and during Erase timeout, any instruction other than Suspend Sector Erase and Resume Sector Erase instructions abort the cycle that is currently in progress, and reset the device to READ Mode. It is not necessary to program the Flash memory sector with 00h as the PSD does this automatically before erasing (byte=FFh). During a Sector Erase, the memory status may be checked by reading the Error Flag (DQ5) Bit, the Toggle Flag (DQ6) Bit, and the Data Polling Flag (DQ7) Bit, as detailed in the section entitled "Programming Flash Memory", on page 19. During execution of the Erase cycle, the Flash memory accepts only Reset and Suspend Sector Erase instructions. Erasure of one Flash memory sector may be suspended, in order to read data from another Flash memory sector, and then resumed. Suspend Sector Erase. When a Sector Erase cycle is in progress, the Suspend Sector Erase instruction can be used to suspend the cycle by writing 0B0h to any address when an appropriate Sector Select (FS0-FS7 or CSBOOT0-CSBOOT3) is High. (See Table 7). This allows reading of data from another Flash memory sector after the Erase cycle has been suspended. Suspend Sector Erase is accepted only during an Erase cycle and defaults to READ Mode. A Suspend Sector Erase instruction executed during an Erase time-out period, in addition to suspending the Erase cycle, terminates the time out period. The Toggle Flag (DQ6) Bit stops toggling when the PSD internal logic is suspended. The status of this bit must be monitored at an address within the Flash memory sector being erased. The Toggle Flag (DQ6) Bit stops toggling between 0.1s and 15s after the Suspend Sector Erase instruction has been executed. The PSD is then automatically set to READ Mode. If an Suspend Sector Erase instruction was executed, the following rules apply: Attempting to read from a Flash memory sector that was being erased outputs invalid data. Reading from a Flash sector that was not being erased is valid. The Flash memory cannot be programmed, and only responds to Resume Sector Erase and Reset Flash instructions (READ is an operation and is allowed). If a Reset Flash instruction is received, data in the Flash memory sector that was being erased is invalid. Resume Sector Erase. If a Suspend Sector Erase instruction was previously executed, the erase cycle may be resumed with this instruction. The Resume Sector Erase instruction consists of writing 030h to any address while an appropriate Sector Select (FS0-FS7 or CSBOOT0-CSBOOT3) is High. (See Table 7.)
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PSD834F2V
Specific Features Flash Memory Sector Protect. Each primary and secondary Flash memory sector can be separately protected against Program and Erase cycles. Sector Protection provides additional data security because it disables all Program or Erase cycles. This mode can be activated through the JTAG Port or a Device Programmer. Sector protection can be selected for each sector using the PSDsoft Express Configuration program. This automatically protects selected sectors when the device is programmed through the JTAG Port or a Device Programmer. Flash memory sectors can be unprotected to allow updating of their
contents using the JTAG Port or a Device Programmer. The MCU can read (but cannot change) the sector protection bits. Any attempt to program or erase a protected Flash memory sector is ignored by the device. The Verify operation results in a READ of the protected data. This allows a guarantee of the retention of the Protection status. The sector protection status can be read by the MCU through the Flash memory protection and PSD/EE protection registers (in the CSIOP block). See Table 9 and Table 10.
Table 9. Sector Protection/Security Bit Definition Flash Protection Register
Bit 7 Sec7_Prot Bit 6 Sec6_Prot Bit 5 Sec5_Prot Bit 4 Sec4_Prot Bit 3 Sec3_Prot Bit 2 Sec2_Prot Bit 1 Sec1_Prot Bit 0 Sec0_Prot
Note: 1. Bit Definitions: Sec_Prot 1 = Primary Flash memory or secondary Flash memory Sector is write protected. Sec_Prot 0 = Primary Flash memory or secondary Flash memory Sector is not write protected.
Table 10. Sector Protection/Security Bit Definition PSD/EE Protection Register
Bit 7 Security_Bit Bit 6 not used Bit 5 not used Bit 4 not used Bit 3 Sec3_Prot Bit 2 Sec2_Prot Bit 1 Sec1_Prot Bit 0 Sec0_Prot
Note: 1. Bit Definitions: Sec_Prot 1 = Secondary Flash memory Sector is write protected. Sec_Prot 0 = Secondary Flash memory Sector is not write protected. Security_Bit 0 = Security Bit in device has not been set. 1 = Security Bit in device has been set.
Reset Flash. The Reset Flash instruction consists of one WRITE cycle (see Table 7). It can also be optionally preceded by the standard two WRITE decoding cycles (writing AAh to 555h and 55h to AAAh). It must be executed after: Reading the Flash Protection Status or Flash ID An Error condition has occurred (and the device has set the Error Flag Bit (DQ5) to '1') during a Flash memory Program or Erase cycle. The Reset Flash instruction puts the Flash memory back into normal READ Mode. If an Error condition has occurred (and the device has set the Error Flag Bit (DQ5) to '1') the Flash memory is put back into normal READ Mode within 25 s of the Reset Flash instruction having been issued. The Reset Flash instruction is ignored when it is issued dur-
ing a Program or Bulk Erase cycle of the Flash memory. The Reset Flash instruction aborts any on-going Sector Erase cycle, and returns the Flash memory to the normal READ Mode within 25 s. Reset (RESET) Signal. A pulse on Reset (RESET) aborts any cycle that is in progress, and resets the Flash memory to the READ Mode. When the reset occurs during a Program or Erase cycle, the Flash memory takes up to 25 s to return to the READ Mode. It is recommended that the Reset (RESET) pulse (except for Power On Reset, as described on page 61) be at least 25 s so that the Flash memory is always ready for the MCU to fetch the bootstrap instructions after the Reset cycle is complete.
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PSD 834F 2V
SRA M The SRAM is enabled when SRAM Select (RS0) from the DPLD is High. SRAM Select (RS0) can contain up to two product terms, allowing flexible memory mapping. The SRAM can be backed up using an external battery. The external battery should be connected to Voltage Stand-by (VSTBY, PC2). If you have an external battery connected to the PSD, the contents of the SRAM are retained in the event of a power loss. The contents of the SRAM are retained so long as the battery voltage remains at 2 V or greater. If the supply voltage falls below the battery voltage, an internal power switch-over to the battery occurs. PC4 can be configured as an output that indicates when power is being drawn from the external battery. Battery-on Indicator (VBATON, PC4) is High with the supply voltage falls below the battery voltage and the battery on Voltage Stand-by (VSTBY, PC2) is supplying power to the internal SRAM. SRAM Select (RS0), Voltage Stand-by (VSTBY, PC2) and Battery-on Indicator (VBATON, PC4) are all configured using PSDsoft Express Configuration. Sector Select and SRAM Select Sector Select (FS0-FS7, CSBOOT0-CSBOOT3) and SRAM Select (RS0) are all outputs of the DPLD. They are setup by writing equations for them in PSDabel. The following rules apply to the equations for these signals: 1. Primary Flash memory and secondary Flash memory Sector Select signals must not be larger than the physical sector size. 2. Any primary Flash memory sector must not be mapped in the same memory space as another Flash memory sector. 3. A secondary Flash memory sector must not be mapped in the same memory space as another secondary Flash memory sector. 4. SRAM, I/O, and Peripheral I/O spaces must not overlap. 5. A secondary Flash memory sector may overlap a primary Flash memory sector. In case of
overlap, priority is given to the secondary Flash memory sector. 6. SRAM, I/O, and Peripheral I/O spaces may overlap any other memory sector. Priority is given to the SRAM, I/O, or Peripheral I/O. Example. FS0 is valid when the address is in the range of 8000h to BFFFh, CSBOOT0 is valid from 8000h to 9FFFh, and RS0 is valid from 8000h to 87FFh. Any address in the range of RS0 always accesses the SRAM. Any address in the range of CSBOOT0 greater than 87FFh (and less than 9FFFh) automatically addresses secondary Flash memory segment 0. Any address greater than 9FFFh accesses the primary Flash memory segment 0. You can see that half of the primary Flash memory segment 0 and one-fourth of secondary Flash memory segment 0 cannot be accessed in this example. Also note that an equation that defined FS1 to anywhere in the range of 8000h to BFFFh would not be valid. Figure 6 shows the priority levels for all memory components. Any component on a higher level can overlap and has priority over any component on a lower level. Components on the same level must not overlap. Level one has the highest priority and level 3 has the lowest. Figure 6. Priority Level of Memory and I/O Components
Highest Priority
Level 1 SRAM, I /O, or Peripheral I /O Level 2 Secondary Non-Volatile Memory Level 3 Primary Flash Memory Lowest Priority
AI02867D
23/95
PSD834F2V
Mem ory Select Configuration for MCUs with Separate Program and Data Spaces. The 8031 and compatible family of MCUs, which includes the 80C51, 80C151, 80C251, and 80C51XA, have separate address spaces for Program memory (selected using Program Select Enable (PSEN, CNTL2)) and Data memory (selected using Read Strobe (RD, CNTL1)). Any of the memories within the PSD can reside in either space or both spaces. This is controlled through manipulation of the VM register that resides in the CSIOP space. The VM register is set using PSDsoft Express to have an initial value. It can subsequently be Table 11. VM Register
Bit 7 PIO_EN Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Primary FL_Data 0 = RD can't access Flash memory 1 = RD access Flash memory Bit 3 Secondary EE_Data 0 = RD can't access Secondary Flash memory Bit 2 Primary FL_Code 0 = PSEN can't access Flash memory 1 = PSEN access Flash memory Bit 1 Secondary EE_Code 0 = PSEN can't access Secondary Flash memory Bit 0 SRAM_Code 0 = PSEN can't access SRAM 1 = PSEN access SRAM
changed by the MCU so that memory mapping can be changed on-the-fly. For example, you may wish to have SRAM and primary Flash memory in the Data space at Boot-up, and secondary Flash memory in the Program space at Boot-up, and later swap the primary and secondary Flash memories. This is easily done with the VM register by using PSDsoft Express Configuration to configure it for Boot-up and having the MCU change it when desired. Table 11 describes the VM Register.
0 = disable PIO mode
not used
not used
1= enable PIO mode
not used
not used
1 = RD access Secondary Flash memory
1 = PSEN access Secondary Flash memory
Configuration Modes for MCUs with Separate Program and Data Spaces. Separate Space Modes. Program space is separated from Data space. For example, Program Select Enable (PSEN, CNTL2) is used to access the program Figure 7. 8031 Memory Modules Separate Space
code from the primary Flash memory, while Read Strobe (RD, CNTL1) is used to access data from the secondary Flash memory, SRAM and I/O Port blocks. This configuration requires the VM register to be set to 0Ch (see Figure 7).
DPLD
RS0 CSBOOT0-3 FS0-FS7
Primary Flash Memory
Secondary Flash Memory
SRAM
CS OE
CS OE
CS OE
PSEN RD
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24/95
PSD 834F 2V
Combined Space Modes. The Program and Data spaces are combined into one memory space that allows the primary Flash memory, secondary Flash memory, and SRAM to be accessed by either Program Select Enable (PSEN, CNTL2) or Read Strobe (RD, CNTL1). For example, to configure the primary Flash memory in Combined space, Bits b2 and b4 of the VM register are set to 1 (see Figure 8).
Figure 8. 8031 Memory Modules Combined Space
DPLD
RS0 CSBOOT0-3 FS0-FS7
Primary Flash Memory
Secondary Flash Memory
SRAM
RD
CS OE
CS OE
CS OE
VM REG BIT 3
VM REG BIT 4
PSEN
VM REG BIT 1
VM REG BIT 2
RD
VM REG BIT 0
AI02870C
25/95
PSD834F2V
Page Register The 8-bit Page Register increases the addressing capability of the MCU by a factor of up to 256. The contents of the register can also be read by the MCU. The outputs of the Page Register (PGR0PGR7) are inputs to the DPLD decoder and can be included in the Sector Select (FS0-FS7, CSBOOT0-CSBOOT3), and SRAM Select (RS0) equations.
If memory paging is not needed, or if not all 8 page register bits are needed for memory paging, then these bits may be used in the CPLD for general logic. See Application Note AN1154. Figure 9 shows the Page Register. The eight flipflops in the register are connected to the internal data bus D0-D7. The MCU can write to or read from the Page Register. The Page Register can be accessed at address location CSIOP + E0h.
Figure 9. Page Register
RESET
D0 D1 D0 - D7 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 R/W D7
Q0 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5
PGR0 PGR1 PGR2 PGR3 PGR4 PGR5 PGR6 DPLD AND CPLD
INTERNAL SELECTS AND LOGIC
Q6 PGR7 Q7
PAGE REGISTER
PLD
AI02871B
26/95
PSD 834F 2V
PLDS The PLDs bring programmable logic functionality to the PSD. After specifying the logic for the PLDs using the PSDabel tool in PSDsoft Express, the logic is programmed into the device and available upon Power-up. The PSD contains two PLDs: the Decode PLD (DPLD), and the Complex PLD (CPLD). The PLDs are briefly discussed in the next few paragraphs, and in more detail in the section entitled "Decode PLD (DPLD)", on page 29, and the section entitled "Complex PLD (CPLD)", also on page 30. Figure 10 shows the configuration of the PLDs. The DPLD performs address decoding for Select signals for internal components, such as memory, registers, and I/O ports. The CPLD can be used for logic functions, such as loadable counters and shift registers, state machines, and encoding and decoding logic. These logic functions can be constructed using the 16 Output Macrocells (OMC), 24 Input Macrocells (IMC), and the AND Array. The CPLD can also be used to generate External Chip Select (ECS0ECS2) signals. The AND Array is used to form product terms. These product terms are specified using PSDabel. An Input Bus consisting of 73 signals is connected to the PLDs. The signals are shown in Table 12. The Turbo Bit in PSD The PLDs in the PSD can minimize power consumption by switching off when inputs remain unchanged for an extended time of about 70ns. Resetting the Turbo Bit to '0' (Bit 3 of PMMR0) automatically places the PLDs into standby if no inputs are changing. Turning the Turbo mode off increases propagation delays while reducing power consumption. See the section entitled "POWER MANAGEMENT", on page 56, on how to set the Turbo Bit.
Additionally, five bits are available in PMMR2 to block MCU control signals from entering the PLDs. This reduces power consumption and can be used only when these MCU control signals are not used in PLD logic equations. Each of the two PLDs has unique characteristics suited for its applications. They are described in the following sections. Table 12. DPLD and CPLD Inputs
Input Source MCU Address Bus1 MCU Control Signals Reset Power-down Port A Input Macrocells Port B Input Macrocells Port C Input Macrocells Port D Inputs Page Register Macrocell AB Feedback Macrocell BC Feedback Secondary Flash memory Program Status Bit Input Name A15-A0 CNTL2-CNTL0 RST PDN PA7-PA0 PB7-PB0 PC7-PC0 PD2-PD0 PGR7-PGR0 MCELLAB.FB7FB0 MCELLBC.FB7FB0 Ready/Busy Number of Signals 16 3 1 1 8 8 8 3 8 8 8
1
Note: 1. The address inputs are A19-A4 in 80C51XA mode.
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PSD834F2V
Figure 10. PLD Diagram
8 ATA US
PAGE REGISTER
DECODE PLD
73
8 4 1 1 2 1
PRIMARY FLASH MEMORY SELECTS SECONDARY NON-VOLATILE MEMORY SELECTS SRAM SELECT CSIOP SELECT PERIPHERAL SELECTS JTAG SELECT
PLD INPUT BUS
16
OUTPUT MACROCELL FEEDBACK
DIRECT MACROCELL ACCESS FROM MCU DATA BUS
CPLD
73 PT ALLOC.
16 OUTPUT MACROCELL
MACROCELL ALLOC. I/O PORTS
MCELLAB TO PORT A OR B MCELLBC TO PORT B OR C
8
24 INPUT MACROCELL (PORT A,B,C)
8 3
EXTERNAL CHIP SELECTS TO PORT D
DIRECT MACROCELL INPUT TO MCU DATA BUS 24 INPUT MACROCELL & INPUT PORTS
3
PORT D INPUTS
AI02872
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PSD 834F 2V
Decode PLD (DPLD) The DPLD, shown in Figure 11, is used for decoding the address for internal and external components. The DPLD can be used to generate the following decode signals: s 8 Sector Select (FS0-FS7) signals for the primary Flash memory (three product terms each) s 4 Sector Select (CSBOOT0-CSBOOT3) signals for the secondary Flash memory (three product terms each) Figure 11. DPLD Logic Array
3 3 3 3 (INPUTS) I /O PORTS (PORT A,B,C) MCELLAB.FB [7:0] (FEEDBACKS) MCELLBC.FB [7:0] (FEEDBACKS) PGR0 - PGR7 A[15: 0] * PD[2: 0] (ALE,CLKIN,CSI) PDN (APD OUTPUT) CNTRL[2:0] (READ/WRITE CONTROL SIGNALS) RESET RD_BSY (24) 3 (8) 3 (8) 3 (8) 3 (16) 3 (3) 3 (1) 3 (3) (1) 2 (1) 1 1 1 1 CSIOP PSEL0 PSEL1 JTAGSEL
AI02873D
s s s s
1 internal SRAM Select (RS0) signal (two product terms) 1 internal CSIOP Select (PSD Configuration Register) signal 1 JTAG Select signal (enables JTAG on Port C) 2 internal Peripheral Select signals (Peripheral I/O mode).
CSBOOT 0 CSBOOT 1 CSBOOT 2 CSBOOT 3
3
FS0 FS1 FS2 FS3 FS4 FS5 FS6 FS7 8 PRIMARY FLASH MEMORY SECTOR SELECTS
RS0
SRAM SELECT I/O DECODER SELECT PERIPHERAL I/O MODE SELECT
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Complex PLD (CPLD) The CPLD can be used to implement system logic functions, such as loadable counters and shift registers, system mailboxes, handshaking protocols, state machines, and random logic. The CPLD can also be used to generate three External Chip Select (ECS0-ECS2), routed to Port D. Although External Chip Select (ECS0-ECS2) can be produced by any Output Macrocell (OMC), these three External Chip Select (ECS0-ECS2) on Port D do not consume any Output Macrocells ( OM C ) . As shown in Figure 10, the CPLD has the following blocks: s 24 Input Macrocells (IMC) s 16 Output Macrocells (OMC) s Macro ce ll Allocator
Product Term Allocator AND Array capable of generating up to 137 product terms s Fo ur I/O Ports. Each of the blocks are described in the sections that follow. The Input Macrocells (IMC) and Output Macrocells (OMC) are connected to the PSD internal data bus and can be directly accessed by the MCU. This enables the MCU software to load data into the Output Macrocells (OMC) or read data from both the Input and Output Macrocells (IMC and OMC). This feature allows efficient implementation of system logic and eliminates the need to connect the data bus to the AND Array as required in most standard PLD macrocell architectures.
s s
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PRODUCT TERMS FROM OTHER MACROCELLS TO OTHER I/O PORTS
MCU ADDRESS / DATA BUS
PLD INPUT BUS
CPLD MACROCELLS I/O PORTS
MCU DATA IN MCU LOAD D Q MUX WR UP TO 10 PRODUCT TERMS MACROCELL OUT TO MCU CPLD OUTPUT DATA DATA LOAD CONTROL LATCHED ADDRESS OUT PT PRESET PRODUCT TERM ALLOCATOR
Figure 12. Macrocell and I/O Port
I/O PIN
AND ARRAY
PR DI LD D/T Q COMB. /REG SELECT MACROCELL TO I/O PORT ALLOC. WR PT CLEAR CPLD OUTPUT PDR INPUT MUX D/T/JK FF SELECT CK CL PT CLOCK GLOBAL CLOCK SELECT
MUX
POLARITY SELECT
PLD INPUT BUS
CLOCK SELECT
D
Q DIR REG.
PT OUTPUT ENABLE (OE) MACROCELL FEEDBACK I/O PORT INPUT
INPUT MACROCELLS
MUX QD
PT INPUT LATCH GATE/CLOCK MUX ALE/AS
QD G
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PSD 834F 2V
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Output Macrocell (OMC) Eight of the Output Macrocells (OMC) are connected to Ports A and B pins and are named as McellAB0-McellAB7. The other eight macrocells are connected to Ports B and C pins and are named as McellBC0-McellBC7. If an McellAB output is not assigned to a specific pin in PSDabel, the Macrocell Allocator block assigns it to either Port A or B. The same is true for a McellBC output on Port B or C. Table 13 shows the macrocells and port assignment. The Output Macrocell (OMC) architecture is shown in Figure 13. As shown in the figure, there are native product terms available from the AND Array, and borrowed product terms available (if unused) from other Output Macrocells (OMC). The polarity of the product term is controlled by the
XOR gate. The Output Macrocell (OMC) can implement either sequential logic, using the flip-flop element, or combinatorial logic. The multiplexer selects between the sequential or combinatorial logic outputs. The multiplexer output can drive a port pin and has a feedback path to the AND Array inputs. The flip-flop in the Output Macrocell (OMC) block can be configured as a D, T, JK, or SR type in the PSDabel program. The flip-flop's clock, preset, and clear inputs may be driven from a product term of the AND Array. Alternatively, CLKIN (PD1) can be used for the clock input to the flip-flop. The flip-flop is clocked on the rising edge of CLKIN (PD1). The preset and clear are active High inputs. Each clear input can use up to two product terms.
Table 13. Output Macrocell Port and Data Bit Assignments
Output Macrocell McellAB0 McellAB1 McellAB2 McellAB3 McellAB4 McellAB5 McellAB6 McellAB7 McellBC0 McellBC1 McellBC2 McellBC3 McellBC4 McellBC5 McellBC6 McellBC7 Port Assignment Port A0, B0 Port A1, B1 Port A2, B2 Port A3, B3 Port A4, B4 Port A5, B5 Port A6, B6 Port A7, B7 Port B0, C0 Port B1, C1 Port B2, C2 Port B3, C3 Port B4, C4 Port B5, C5 Port B6, C6 Port B7, C7 Native Product Terms 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 Maximum Borrowed Product Terms 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 Data Bit for Loading or Reading D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7
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Product Term Allocator The CPLD has a Product Term Allocator. The PSDabel compiler uses the Product Term Allocator to borrow and place product terms from one macrocell to another. The following list summarizes how product terms are allocated: s Mce llAB0-McellAB7 all have three native product terms and may borrow up to six more s Mce llBC0-Mce llBC3 all have four native product terms and may borrow up to five more s Mce llBC4-Mce llBC7 all have four native product terms and may borrow up to six more. Each macrocell may only borrow product terms from certain other macrocells. Product terms already in use by one macrocell are not available for another macrocell. If an equation requires more product terms than are available to it, then "external" product terms are required, which consume other Output Macrocells (OMC). If external product terms are used, extra delay is added for the equation that required the extra product terms.
This is called product term expansion. PSDsoft Express performs this expansion as needed. Loading and Reading the Output Macrocells (OMC). The Output Macrocells (OMC) block occupies a memory location in the MCU address space, as defined by the CSIOP block (see the section entitled "I/O PORTS", on page 46). The flip-flops in each of the 16 Output Macrocells (OMC) can be loaded from the data bus by a MCU. Loading the Output Macrocells (OMC) with data from the MCU takes priority over internal functions. As such, the preset, clear, and clock inputs to the flip-flop can be overridden by the MCU. The ability to load the flip-flops and read them back is useful in such applications as loadable counters and shift registers, mailboxes, and handshaking protocols. Data can be loaded to the Output Macrocells (OMC) on the trailing edge of Write Strobe (WR, CNTL0) (edge loading) or during the time that Write Strobe (WR, CNTL0) is active (level loading). The method of loading is specified in PSDsoft Express Configuration.
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AND ARRAY
PLD INPUT BUS
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MASK REG. MACROCELL CS INTERNAL DATA BUS D [ 7:0] RD PT ALLOCATOR DIRECTION REGISTER ENABLE (.OE) PRESET(.PR) PT PT DIN PR MUX PT POLARITY SELECT IN CLR PROGRAMMABLE FF (D / T/JK /SR) MUX PORT DRIVER CLEAR (.RE) PT CLK CLKIN LD Q MACROCELL ALLOCATOR I/O PIN COMB/REG SELECT WR FEEDBACK (.FB) PORT INPUT INPUT MACROCELL
AI02875B
PSD834F2V
Figure 13. CPLD Output Macrocell
PSD 834F 2V
The OMC Mask Register. There is one Mask Register for each of the two groups of eight Output Macrocells (OMC). The Mask Registers can be used to block the loading of data to individual Output Macrocells (OMC). The default value for the Mask Registers is 00h, which allows loading of the Output Macrocells (OMC). When a given bit in a Mask Register is set to a 1, the MCU is blocked from writing to the associated Output Macrocells (OMC). For example, suppose McellAB0McellAB3 are being used for a state machine. You would not want an MCU WRITE to McellAB to overwrite the state machine registers. Therefore, you would want to load the Mask Register for McellAB (Mask Macrocell AB) with the value 0Fh. The Output Enable of the OMC. The Output Macrocells (OMC) block can be connected to an I/ O port pin as a PLD output. The output enable of each port pin driver is controlled by a single product term from the AND Array, OR'ed with the Direction Register output. The pin is enabled upon Power-up if no output enable equation is defined and if the pin is declared as a PLD output in PSDsoft Express. If the Output Macrocell (OMC) output is declared as an internal node and not as a port pin output in the PSDabel file, the port pin can be used for other I/O functions. The internal node feedback can be routed as an input to the AND Array. Input Macrocells (IMC) The CPLD has 24 Input Macrocells (IMC), one for each pin on Ports A, B, and C. The architecture of the Input Macrocells (IMC) is shown in Figure 14. The Input Macrocells (IMC) are individually configurable, and can be used as a latch, register, or to pass incoming Port signals prior to driving them onto the PLD input bus. The outputs of the Input Macrocells (IMC) can be read by the MCU through the internal data bus. The enable for the latch and clock for the register are driven by a multiplexer whose inputs are a product term from the CPLD AND Array or the MCU Address Strobe (ALE/AS). Each product term output is used to latch or clock four Input Macrocells (IMC). Port inputs 3-0 can be controlled by one product term and 7-4 by another. Configurations for the Input Macrocells (IMC) are specified by equations written in PSDabel (see Application Note AN1171). Outputs of the Input Macrocells (IMC) can be read by the MCU via the IMC buffer. See the section entitled "I/O PORTS", on page 46. Input Macrocells (IMC) can use Address Strobe (ALE/AS, PD0) to latch address bits higher than A15. Any latched addresses are routed to the PLDs as inputs. Input Macrocells (IMC) are particularly useful with handshaking communication applications where two processors pass data back and forth through a common mailbox. Figure 15 shows a typical configuration where the Master MCU writes to the Port A Data Out Register. This, in turn, can be read by the Slave MCU via the activation of the "SlaveRead" output enable product term. The Slave can also write to the Port A Input Macrocells (IMC) and the Master can then read the Input Macrocells (IMC) directly. Note that the "Slave-Read" and "Slave-Wr" signals are product terms that are derived from the Slave MCU inputs Read Strobe (RD, CNTL1), Write Strobe (WR, CNTL0), and Slave_CS.
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PLD INPUT BUS
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INTERNAL DATA BUS D [ 7: 0] INPUT MACROCELL _ RD DIRECTION REGISTER ENABLE ( .OE ) PT OUTPUT MACROCELLS BC AND MACROCELL AB I/O PIN PT PORT DRIVER MUX Q D MUX D FF FEEDBACK Q D G LATCH INPUT MACROCELL
AI02876B
PSD834F2V
Figure 14. Input Macrocell
PT ALE/AS
PSD
SLAVE CS RD WR SLAVE READ PORT A DATA OUT REGISTER MCU - RD D MCU - WR Q MASTER MCU SLAVE WR D [ 7:0] PORT A INPUT MACROCELL Q MCU - RD D MCU - WR CPLD D [ 7:0] PORT A
Figure 15. Handshaking Communication Using Input Macrocells
SLAVE MCU
AI02877C
PSD 834F 2V
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MCU BUS INTERFACE The "no-glue logic" MCU Bus Interface block can be directly connected to most popular MCUs and their control signals. Key 8-bit MCUs, with their bus types and control signals, are shown in Table 14. The interface type is specified using the PSDsoft Express Configuration. PSD Interface to a Multiplexed 8-Bit Bus. Figure 16 shows an example of a system using a MCU with an 8-bit multiplexed bus and a PSD. The Table 14. MCUs and their Control Signals
MCU 8031 80C51XA 80C251 80C251 80198 68HC11 68HC912 Z 80 Z8 68330 M37702M2 Data Bus Width 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 CNTL0 WR WR WR WR WR R/W R/W WR R/W R/W R/W CNTL1 RD RD PSEN RD RD E E RD DS DS E CNTL2 PSEN PSEN PC7 PD02 ADIO0 A0 A4 A0 A0 A0 A0 A0 PA3-PA0 (Note 1) A3-A0 (Note 1) (Note 1) (Note 1) (Note 1) (Note 1) D3-D0 (Note 1) (Note 1) D3-D0 PA7-PA3 (Note 1) (Note 1) (Note 1) (Note 1) (Note 1) (Note 1) (Note 1) D7-D4 (Note 1) (Note 1) D7-D4
ADIO port on the PSD is connected directly to the MCU address/data bus. Address Strobe (ALE/AS, PD0) latches the address signals internally. Latched addresses can be brought out to Port A or B. The PSD drives the ADIO data bus only when one of its internal resources is accessed and Read Strobe (RD, CNTL1) is active. Should the system address bus exceed sixteen bits, Ports A, B, C, or D may be used as additional address inputs.
(Note 1) ALE (Note 1) ALE
(Note 1) (Note 1) ALE PSEN (Note 1) ALE
(Note 1) (Note 1) ALE (Note 1) (Note 1) AS (Note 1) DBE AS
(Note 1) (Note 1) (Note 1) A0 (Note 1) (Note 1) AS (Note 1) (Note 1) AS (Note 1) (Note 1) ALE A0 A0 A0
Note: 1. Unused CNTL2 pin can be configured as CPLD input. Other unused pins (PC7, PD0, PA3-0) can be configured for other I/O functions. 2. ALE/AS input is optional for MCUs with a non-multiplexed bus
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PSD 834F 2V
Figure 16. An Example of a Typical 8-bit Multiplexed Bus Interface
MCU
AD [ 7:0]
PSD
PORT A A [ 7: 0] (OPTIONAL)
A[ 15:8]
ADIO PORT
PORT B WR RD BHE WR (CNTRL0) RD (CNTRL1) BHE (CNTRL2) RST ALE ALE (PD0) PORT D RESET
A [ 15: 8] (OPTIONAL)
PORT C
AI02878C
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PSD834F2V
PSD Interface to a Non-Multiplexed 8-bit Bus. Figure 17 shows an example of a system using a MCU with an 8-bit non-multiplexed bus and a PSD. The address bus is connected to the ADIO Port, and the data bus is connected to Port A. Port A is in tri-state mode when the PSD is not accessed by the MCU. Should the system address bus exceed sixteen bits, Ports B, C, or D may be used for additional address inputs. Data Byte Enable Reference. MCUs have different data byte orientations. Table 15 shows how the PSD interprets byte/word operations in different bus WRITE configurations. Even-byte refers to locations with address A0 equal to 0 and odd byte as locations with A0 equal to 1. Table 15. 8-bit Data Bus
BHE X X A0 0 1 D7-D0 Even Byte Odd Byte
Figure 17. An Example of a Typical 8-bit Non-Multiplexed Bus Interface
MCU
D [ 7: 0]
PSD
PORT A D [ 7:0]
ADIO PORT A [ 15: 0]
PORT B WR RD BHE WR (CNTRL0) RD (CNTRL1) BHE (CNTRL2) RST
A[ 23:16] (OPTIONAL)
PORT C
ALE
ALE (PD0) PORT D
RESET
AI02879C
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PSD 834F 2V
MCU Bus Interface Examples Figure 18 to Figure 21 show examples of the basic connections between the PSD and some popular MCUs. The PSD Control input pins are labeled as to the MCU function for which they are configured. The MCU bus interface is specified using the PSDsoft Express Configuration. 80C31. Figure 18 shows the bus interface for the 80C31, which has an 8-bit multiplexed address/ data bus. The lower address byte is multiplexed Figure 18. Interfacing the PSD with an 80C31
AD7-AD0 AD[ 7:0 ]
with the data bus. The MCU control signals Program Select Enable (PSEN, CNTL2), Read Strobe (RD, CNTL1), and Write Strobe (WR, CNTL0) may be used for accessing the internal memory and I/ O Ports blocks. Address Strobe (ALE/AS, PD0) latches the address. 80C251. The Intel 80C251 MCU features a userconfigurable bus interface with four possible bus configurations, as shown in Table 16.
80C31
31 19 18 9 12 13 14 15 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 EA/VP X1 X2 RESET INT0 INT1 T0 T1 P1.0 P1.1 P1.2 P1.3 P1.4 P1.5 P1.6 P1.7 P0.0 P0.1 P0.2 P0.3 P0.4 P0.5 P0.6 P0.7 P2.0 P2.1 P2.2 P2.3 P2.4 P2.5 P2.6 P2.7 RD WR PSEN ALE/P TXD RXD 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 17 16 29 30 11 10 AD0 AD1 AD2 AD3 AD4 AD5 AD6 AD7 A8 A9 A10 A11 A12 A13 A14 A15 RD WR PSEN ALE AD0 AD1 AD2 AD3 AD4 AD5 AD6 AD7 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37
PSD
ADIO0 ADIO1 ADIO2 ADIO3 ADIO4 ADIO5 ADIO6 ADIO7 PA0 PA1 PA2 PA3 PA4 PA5 PA6 PA7 29 28 27 25 24 23 22 21
RESET
39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46
ADIO8 ADIO9 ADIO10 ADIO11 ADIO12 ADIO13 ADIO14 ADIO15
PB0 PB1 PB2 PB3 PB4 PB5 PB6 PB7 PC0 PC1 PC2 PC3 PC4 PC5 PC6 PC7
7 6 5 4 3 2 52 51 20 19 18 17 14 13 12 11
47 50 49 10 9 8 48
CNTL0 (WR) CNTL1(RD) CNTL2 (PSEN) PD0-ALE PD1 PD2 RESET
RESET RESET
AI02880C
Table 16. 80C251 Configurations
Configuration 1 80C251 READ/WRITE Pins WR RD PSEN WR PSEN only WR PSEN only WR RD PSEN Connecting to PSD Pins CNTL0 CNTL1 CNTL2 CNTL0 CNTL1 CNTL0 CNTL1 CNTL0 CNTL1 CNTL2 Page Mode Non-Page Mode, 80C31 compatible A7-A0 multiplex with D7-D0 Non-Page Mode A7-A0 multiplex with D7-D0 Page Mode A15-A8 multiplex with D7-D0 Page Mode A15-A8 multiplex with D7-D0
2 3
4
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The first configuration is 80C31 compatible, and the bus interface to the PSD is identical to that shown in Figure 18. The second and third configurations have the same bus connection as shown in Figure 17. There is only one Read Strobe (PSEN) connected to CNTL1 on the PSD. The A16 connection to PA0 allows for a larger address input to the PSD. The fourth configuration is shown in Figure 19. Read Strobe (RD) is connected to CNTL1 and Program Select Enable (PSEN) is connected to CNTL2. The 80C251 has two major operating modes: Page mode and Non-page mode. In Non-page mode, the data is multiplexed with the lower address byte, and Address Strobe (ALE/AS, PD0) is active in every bus cycle. In Page mode, data (D7D0) is multiplexed with address (A15-A8). In a bus cycle where there is a Page hit, Address Strobe (ALE/AS, PD0) is not active and only addresses (A7-A0) are changing. The PSD supports both modes. In Page Mode, the PSD bus timing is identical to Non-Page Mode except the address hold time and setup time with respect to Address Strobe (ALE/AS, PD0) is not required. The PSD access time is measured from address (A7-A0) valid to data in valid.
Table 17. Interfacing the PSD with the 80C251, with One READ Input
80C251SB
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 21 20 11 13 14 15 16 17
PSD
P0.0 P0.1 P0.2 P0.3 P0.4 P0.5 P0.6 P0.7 P2.0 P2.1 P2.2 P2.3 P2.4 P2.5 P2.6 P2.7
43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 A0 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 AD8 AD9 AD10 AD11 AD12 AD13 AD14 AD15 A0 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37
P1.0 P1.1 P1.2 P1.3 P1.4 P1.5 P1.6 P1.7 X1 X2 P3.0/RXD P3.1/TXD P3.2/INT0 P3.3/INT1 P3.4/T0 P3.5/T1 RST EA
ADIO0 ADIO1 ADIO2 ADIO3 ADIO4 ADIO5 ADIO6 ADIO7
PA0 PA1 PA2 PA3 PA4 PA5 PA6 PA7 PB0 PB1 PB2 PB3 PB4 PB5 PB6 PB7
29 28 27 25 24 23 22 21
A161 A171
AD8 AD9 AD10 AD11 AD12 AD13 AD14 AD15
39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 50 49
ADIO8 ADIO9 ADIO10 ADIO11 ADIO12 ADIO13 ADIO14 ADIO15 CNTL0 ( WR) CNTL1( RD) CNTL 2(PSEN) PD0- ALE PD1 PD2 RESET
7 6 5 4 3 2 52 51
RESET
10
ALE PSEN WR RD/A16
33 32 18 19
ALE RD WR A16
35
10 9 8
PC0 PC1 PC2 PC3 PC4 PC5 PC6 PC7
20 19 18 17 14 13 12 11
RESET
RESET
48
AI02881C
Note: 1. The A16 and A17 connections are optional. 2. In non-Page-Mode, AD7-AD0 connects to ADIO7-ADIO0.
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PSD 834F 2V
Figure 19. Interfacing the PSD with the 80C251, with RD and PSEN Inputs
80C251SB
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 21 20 11 13 14 15 16 17
PSD
P0.0 P0.1 P0.2 P0.3 P0.4 P0.5 P0.6 P0.7 P2.0 P2.1 P2.2 P2.3 P2.4 P2.5 P2.6 P2.7
43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 A0 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 AD8 AD9 AD10 AD11 AD12 AD13 AD14 AD15 A0 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37
P1.0 P1.1 P1.2 P1.3 P1.4 P1.5 P1.6 P1.7 X1 X2 P3.0/RXD P3.1/TXD P3.2/INT0 P3.3/INT1 P3.4/T0 P3.5/T1 RST EA
ADIO0 ADIO1 ADIO2 ADIO3 ADIO4 ADIO5 ADIO6 ADIO7
PA0 PA1 PA2 PA3 PA4 PA5 PA6 PA7 PB0 PB1 PB2 PB3 PB4 PB5 PB6 PB7
29 28 27 25 24 23 22 21
AD8 AD9 AD10 AD11 AD12 AD13 AD14 AD15
39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 50 49
ADIO8 ADIO9 ADIO10 ADIO11 ADIO12 ADIO13 ADIO14 ADIO15 CNTL0 ( WR) CNTL1( RD) CNTL 2(PSEN) PD0- ALE PD1 PD2 RESET
7 6 5 4 3 2 52 51
RESET
10
ALE PSEN WR RD/A16
33 32 18 19
ALE RD WR PSEN
35
10 9 8
PC0 PC1 PC2 PC3 PC4 PC5 PC6 PC7
20 19 18 17 14 13 12 11
RESET
RESET
48
AI02882C
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PSD834F2V
80C51XA. The Philips 80C51XA MCU family supports an 8- or 16-bit multiplexed bus that can have burst cycles. Address bits (A3-A0) are not multiplexed, while (A19-A4) are multiplexed with data bits (D15-D0) in 16-bit mode. In 8-bit mode, (A11A4) are multiplexed with data bits (D7-D0). The 80C51XA can be configured to operate in 8bit data mode (as shown in Figure 20). The 80C51XA improves bus throughput and performance by executing burst cycles for code fetches. In Burst Mode, address A19-A4 are latched internally by the PSD, while the 80C51XA changes the A3-A0 signals to fetch up to 16 bytes of code. The PSD access time is then measured from address A3-A0 valid to data in valid. The PSD bus timing requirement in Burst Mode is identical to the normal bus cycle, except the address setup and hold time with respect to Address Strobe (ALE/AS, PD0) does not apply.
Figure 20. Interfacing the PSD with the 80C51X, 8-bit Data Bus
80C51XA
21 20 XTAL1 XTAL2 A0/WRH A1 A2 A3 A4D0 A5D1 A6D2 A7D3 A8D4 A9D5 A10D6 A11D7 A12D8 A13D9 A14D10 A15D11 A16D12 A17D13 A18D14 A19D15 2 3 4 5 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 A0 A1 A2 A3 A4D0 A5D1 A6D2 A7D3 A8D4 A9D5 A10D6 A11D7 A12 A13 A14 A15 A16 A17 A18 A19 A4D0 A5D1 A6D2 A7D3 A8D4 A9D5 A10D6 A11D7 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37
PSD
ADIO0 ADIO1 ADIO2 ADIO3 AD104 AD105 ADIO6 ADIO7 PA0 PA1 PA2 PA3 PA4 PA5 PA6 PA7 PB0 PB1 PB2 PB3 PB4 PB5 PB6 PB7 29 28 27 25 24 23 22 21 7 6 5 4 3 2 52 51 A0 A1 A2 A3
11 13 6 7
RXD0 TXD0 RXD1 TXD1
9 8 16
T2EX T2 T0
RESET
10 14 15
RST INT0 INT1
A12 A13 A14 A15 A16 A17 A18 A19
39 ADIO8 40 ADIO9 41 ADIO10 42 ADIO11 43 AD1012 44 AD1013 45 ADIO14 46 ADIO15
47 50 35 17 32 19 18 33 PSEN RD WR ALE 49 10 8 9 48
CNTL0 (WR) CNTL1(RD) CNTL 2 (PSEN ) PD0-ALE PD1 PD2 RESET
EA/ WAIT BUSW
PSEN RD WRL ALE
PC0 PC1 PC2 PC3 PC4 PC5 PC6 PC7
20 19 18 17 14 13 12 11
RESET
AI02883C
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68HC11. Figure 21 shows a bus interface to a 68HC11 where the PSD is configured in 8-bit multiplexed mode with E and R/W settings. The DPLD Figure 21. Interfacing the PSD with a 68HC11
AD7-AD0 AD7-AD0
can be used to generate the READ and WR signals for external devices.
PSD 68HC11
8 7 RESET 17 19 18 2 34 33 32 XT EX RESET IRQ XIRQ MODB PA0 PA1 PA2 PA3 PA4 PA5 PA6 PA7 31 30 29 28 27 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 20 21 22 23 24 25 3 5 E AS R/W 4 6 E AS R/W AD0 AD1 AD2 AD3 AD4 AD5 AD6 AD7 AD0 AD1 AD2 AD3 AD4 AD5 AD6 AD7 A8 A9 A10 A11 A12 A13 A14 A15 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 ADIO0 ADIO1 ADIO2 ADIO3 AD104 AD105 ADIO6 ADIO7 ADIO8 ADIO9 ADIO10 ADIO11 AD1012 AD1013 ADIO14 ADIO15 PA0 PA1 PA2 PA3 PA4 PA5 PA6 PA7 29 28 27 25 24 23 22 21 7 6 5 4 3 2 52 51 20 19 18 17 14 13 12 11
PB0 PB1 PB2 PB3 PB4 PB5 PB6 PB7 PC0 PC1 PC2 PC3 PC4 PC5 PC6 PC7 PD0 PD1 PD2 PD3 PD4 PD5 MODA
PB0 PB1 PB2 PB3 PB4 PB5 PB6 PB7 PC0 PC1 PC2 PC3 PC4 PC5 PC6 PC7
43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 52 51
PE0 PE1 PE2 PE3 PE4 PE5 PE6 PE7 VRH VRL
47 50 49 10 9 8 48
CNTL0 (R _W) CNTL1(E) CNTL 2 PD0 AS PD1 PD2 RESET
RESET
AI02884C
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PSD834F2V
I/O PORTS There are four programmable I/O ports: Ports A, B, C, and D. Each of the ports is eight bits except Port D, which is 3 bits. Each port pin is individually user configurable, thus allowing multiple functions per port. The ports are configured using PSDsoft Express Configuration or by the MCU writing to onchip registers in the CSIOP space. The topics discussed in this section are: s Gen eral Port architecture s Port operating modes s Port Configuration Registers (PCR) s Port Data Registers s Individua l Port functionality. General Port Architecture The general architecture of the I/O Port block is shown in Figure 22. Individual Port architectures are shown in Figure 24 to Figure 27. In general, once the purpose for a port pin has been defined, Figure 22. General I/O Port Architecture
DATA OUT REG. D WR ADDRESS ALE D G Q ADDRESS OUTPUT MUX PORT PIN Q
that pin is no longer available for other purposes. Exceptions are noted. As shown in Figure 22, the ports contain an output multiplexer whose select signals are driven by the configuration bits in the Control Registers (Ports A and B only) and PSDsoft Express Configuration. Inputs to the multiplexer include the following: s Output data from the Data Out register s Latched address outputs s CPLD macrocell output s External Chip Select (ECS0-ECS2) from the CPLD. The Port Data Buffer (PDB) is a tri-state buffer that allow s only one source at a time to be read. The Port Data Buffer (PDB) is connected to the Internal Data Bus for feedback and can be read by the MCU. The Data Out and macrocell outputs, Direction and Control Registers, and port pin input are all connected to the Port Data Buffer (PDB).
DATA OUT
MACROCELL OUTPUTS EXT CS INTERNAL DATA BUS READ MUX P D B DATA IN OUTPUT SELECT
CONTROL REG. D WR DIR REG. D WR ENABLE PRODUCT TERM (.OE) INPUT MACROCELL CPLD - INPUT
AI02885
Q
ENABLE OUT
Q
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The Port pin's tri-state output driver enable is controlled by a two input OR gate whose inputs come from the CPLD AND Array enable product term and the Direction Register. If the enable product term of any of the Array outputs are not defined and that port pin is not defined as a CPLD output in the PSDabel file, then the Direction Register has sole control of the buffer that drives the port pin. The contents of these registers can be altered by the MCU. The Port Data Buffer (PDB) feedback path allows the MCU to check the contents of the registers. Ports A, B, and C have embedded Input Macrocells (IMC). The Input Macrocells (IMC) can be configured as latches, registers, or direct inputs to the PLDs. The latches and registers are clocked by Address Strobe (ALE/AS, PD0) or a product term from the PLD AND Array. The outputs from the Input Macrocells (IMC) drive the PLD input bus and can be read by the MCU. See the section entitled "Input Macrocell", on page 36. Port Operating Modes The I/O Ports have several modes of operation. Some modes can be defined using PSDabel, some by the MCU writing to the Control Registers in CSIOP space, and some by both. The modes that can only be defined using PSDsoft Express must be programmed into the device and cannot be changed unless the device is reprogrammed. The modes that can be changed by the MCU can be done so dynamically at run-time. The PLD I/O, Data Port, Address Input, and Peripheral I/O modes are the only modes that must be defined before programming the device. All other modes can be changed by the MCU at run-time. See Application Note AN1171 for more detail. Table 18 summarizes which modes are available on each port. Table 21 shows how and where the different modes are configured. Each of the port operating modes are described in the following sections. MCU I/O Mode In the MCU I/O mode, the MCU uses the I/O Ports block to expand its own I/O ports. By setting up the CSIOP space, the ports on the PSD are mapped into the MCU address space. The addresses of the ports are listed in Table 6. A port pin can be put into MCU I/O mode by writing a 0 to the corresponding bit in the Control Register. The MCU I/O direction may be changed by writing to the corresponding bit in the Direction Register, or by the output enable product term. See the section entitled "Peripheral I/O Mode", on page 49. When the pin is configured as an output, the content of the Data Out Register drives the pin. When configured as an input, the MCU can read the port input through the Data In buffer. See Figure 22. Ports C and D do not have Control Registers, and are in MCU I/O mode by default. They can be used for PLD I/O if equations are written for them in PSDabel. PLD I/O Mode The PLD I/O Mode uses a port as an input to the CPLD's Input Macrocells (IMC), and/or as an output from the CPLD's Output Macrocells (OMC). The output can be tri-stated with a control signal. This output enable control signal can be defined by a product term from the PLD, or by resetting the corresponding bit in the Direction Register to 0. The corresponding bit in the Direction Register must not be set to 1 if the pin is defined for a PLD input signal in PSDabel. The PLD I/O mode is specified in PSDabel by declaring the port pins, and then writing an equation assigning the PLD I/ O to a port. Address Out Mode For MCUs with a multiplexed address/data bus, Address Out Mode can be used to drive latched addresses on to the port pins. These port pins can, in turn, drive external devices. Either the output enable or the corresponding bits of both the Direction Register and Control Register must be set to a 1 for pins to use Address Out Mode. This must be done by the MCU at run-time. See Table 20 for the address output pin assignments on Ports A and B for various MCUs. For non-multiplexed 8-bit bus mode, address signals (A7-A0) are available to Port B in Address Out Mode. Note: Do not drive address signals with Address Out Mode to an external memory device if it is intended for the MCU to Boot from the external device. The MCU must first Boot from PSD memory so the Direction and Control register bits can be set.
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Table 18. Port Operating Modes
Port Mode MCU I/O PLD I/O McellAB Outputs McellBC Outputs Additional Ext. CS Outputs PLD Inputs Address Out Address In Data Port Peripheral I/O JTAG ISP Yes Yes No No Yes Yes (A7 0) Yes Yes (D7 0) Yes No Port A Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes (A7 0) or (A15 8) Yes No No No Port B Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No No Yes1 Port C Yes No No Yes Yes No Yes No No No Port D
Note: 1. Can be multiplexed with other I/O functions.
Table 19. Port Operating Mode Settings
Mode Defined in PSDabel Defined in PSD Configuration Control Register Setting 0 N/A N/A 1 N/A N/A N/A Direction Register Setting VM Register Setting JTAG Enable
MCU I/O PLD I/O Data Port (Port A) Address Out (Port A,B) Address In (Port A,B,C,D) Peripheral I/O (Port A) JTAG ISP (Note 3)
Declare pins only Logic equations N/A Declare pins only Logic for equation Input Macrocells Logic equations (PSEL0 & 1) JTAGSEL
N/A1 N/A Specify bus type N/A N/A N/A JTAG Configuration
1 = output, 0 = input N/A (Note 2) (Note 2) N/A 1 (Note 2) N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
PIO Bit = 1 N/A N/A JTAG_Enable
Note: 1. N/A = Not Applicable 2. The direction of the Port A,B,C, and D pins are controlled by the Direction Register OR'ed with the individual output enable product term (.oe) from the CPLD AND Array. 3. Any of these three methods enables the JTAG pins on Port C.
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Table 20. I/O Port Latched Address Output Assignments
MCU 8051XA (8-bit) 80C251 (Page Mode) All Other 8-bit Multiplexed 8-bit Non-Multiplexed Bus Port A (PA3-PA0) N/A1 N/A Address a3-a0 N/A Port A (PA7-PA4) Address a7-a4 N/A Address a7-a4 N/A Port B (PB3-PB0) Address a11-a8 Address a11-a8 Address a3-a0 Address a3-a0 Port B (PB7-PB4) N/A Address a15-a12 Address a7-a4 Address a7-a4
Note: 1. N/A = Not Applicable.
Address In Mode For MCUs that have more than 16 address signals, the higher addresses can be connected to Port A, B, C, and D. The address input can be latched in the Input Macrocell (IMC) by Address Strobe (ALE/AS, PD0). Any input that is included in the DPLD equations for the SRAM, or primary or secondary Flash memory is considered to be an address input. Data Port Mode Port A can be used as a data bus port for a MCU with a non-multiplexed address/data bus. The Data Port is connected to the data bus of the MCU. The general I/O functions are disabled in Port A if the port is configured as a Data Port. Peripheral I/O Mode Peripheral I/O mode can be used to interface with external peripherals. In this mode, all of Port A Figure 23. Peripheral I/O Mode
RD PSEL0 PSEL PSEL1
serves as a tri-state, bi-directional data buffer for the MCU. Peripheral I/O Mode is enabled by setting Bit 7 of the VM Register to a 1. Figure 23 shows how Port A acts as a bi-directional buffer for the MCU data bus if Peripheral I/O Mode is enabled. An equation for PSEL0 and/or PSEL1 must be written in PSDabel. The buffer is tri-stated when PSEL0 or PSEL1 is not active. JTAG In-System Programming (ISP) Port C is JTAG compliant, and can be used for InSystem Programming (ISP). You can multiplex JTAG operations with other functions on Port C because In-System Programming (ISP) is not performed in normal Operating mode. For more information on the JTAG Port, see the section entitled "PROGRAMMING IN-CIRCUIT USING THE JTAG SERIAL INTERFACE", on page 63.
VM REGISTER BIT 7
D0 - D7 DATA BUS
PA0 - PA7
WR
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Port Configuration Registers (PCR) Each Port has a set of Port Configuration Registers (PCR) used for configuration. The contents of the registers can be accessed by the MCU through normal READ/WRITE bus cycles at the addresses given in Table 6. The addresses in Table 6 are the offsets in hexadecimal from the base of the CSIOP register. The pins of a port are individually configurable and each bit in the register controls its respective pin. For example, Bit 0 in a register refers to Bit 0 of its port. The three Port Configuration Registers (PCR), shown in Table 21, are used for setting the Port configurations. The default Power-up state for each register in Table 21 is 00h. Control Register. Any bit reset to '0' in the Control Register sets the corresponding port pin to MCU I/O Mode, and a 1 sets it to Address Out Mode. The default mode is MCU I/O. Only Ports A and B have an associated Control Register. Direction Register. The Direction Register, in conjunction with the output enable (except for Port D), controls the direction of data flow in the I/O Ports. Any bit set to '1' in the Direction Register causes the corresponding pin to be an output, and any bit set to '0' causes it to be an input. The default mode for all port pins is input. Figure 24 and Figure 25 show the Port Architecture diagrams for Ports A/B and C, respectively. The direction of data flow for Ports A, B, and C are controlled not only by the direction register, but also by the output enable product term from the PLD AND Array. If the output enable product term is not active, the Direction Register has sole control of a given pin's direction. An example of a configuration for a Port with the three least significant bits set to output and the remainder set to input is shown in Table 24. Since Port D only contains three pins (shown in Figure 27), the Direction Register for Port D has only the three least significant bits active. Drive Select Register. The Drive Select Register configures the pin driver as Open Drain or CMOS for some port pins, and controls the slew rate for the other port pins. An external pull-up resistor should be used for pins configured as Open Drain. A pin can be configured as Open Drain if its corresponding bit in the Drive Select Register is set to a 1. The default pin drive is CMOS.
Note that the slew rate is a measurement of the rise and fall times of an output. A higher slew rate means a faster output response and may create more electrical noise. A pin operates in a high slew rate when the corresponding bit in the Drive Register is set to '1.' The default rate is slow slew. Table 25 shows the Drive Register for Ports A, B, C, and D. It summarizes which pins can be configured as Open Drain outputs and which pins the slew rate can be set for. Table 21. Port Configuration Registers (PCR)
Register Name Control Direction Drive Select1 A,B A,B,C,D A,B,C,D Port MCU Access WRITE/READ WRITE/READ WRITE/READ
Note: 1. See Table 25 for Drive Register bit definition.
Table 22. Port Pin Direction Control, Output Enable P.T. Not Defined
Direction Register Bit 0 1 Input Output Port Pin Mode
Table 23. Port Pin Direction Control, Output Enable P.T. Defined
Direction Register Bit 0 0 1 1 Output Enable P.T. 0 1 0 1 Port Pin Mode Input Output Output Output
Table 24. Port Direction Assignment Example
Bit 7 0 Bit 6 0 Bit 5 0 Bit 4 0 Bit 3 0 Bit 2 1 Bit 1 1 Bit 0 1
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Table 25. Drive Register Pin Assignment
Drive Register Port A Port B Port C Port D Bit 7 Open Drain Open Drain Open Drain NA1 Bit 6 Open Drain Open Drain Open Drain NA1 Bit 5 Open Drain Open Drain Open Drain NA1 Bit 4 Open Drain Open Drain Open Drain NA1 Bit 3 Slew Rate Slew Rate Open Drain NA1 Bit 2 Slew Rate Slew Rate Open Drain Slew Rate Bit 1 Slew Rate Slew Rate Open Drain Slew Rate Bit 0 Slew Rate Slew Rate Open Drain Slew Rate
Note: 1. NA = Not Applicable.
Port Data Registers The Port Data Registers, shown in Table 26, are used by the MCU to write data to or read data from the ports. Table 26 shows the register name, the ports having each register type, and MCU access for each register type. The registers are described below. Data In. Port pins are connected directly to the Data In buffer. In MCU I/O input mode, the pin input is read through the Data In buffer. Data Out Register. Stores output data written by the MCU in the MCU I/O output mode. The contents of the Register are driven out to the pins if the Direction Register or the output enable product term is set to 1. The contents of the register can also be read back by the MCU. Output Macrocells (OMC). The CPLD Output Macrocells (OMC) occupy a location in the MCU's address space. The MCU can read the output of the Output Macrocells (OMC). If the OMC Mask Register bits are not set, writing to the macrocell Table 26. Port Data Registers
Register Name Data In Data Out Output Macrocell Mask Macrocell Input Macrocell Enable Out Port A,B,C,D A,B,C,D A,B,C A,B,C A,B,C A,B,C
loads data to the macrocell flip-flops. See the section entitled "PLDS", on page 27. OMC Mask Register. Each OMC Mask Register bit corresponds to an Output Macrocell (OMC) flipflop. When the OMC Mask Register bit is set to a '1,' loading data into the Output Macrocell (OMC) flip-flop is blocked. The default value is 0 or unblocked. Input Macrocells (IMC). The Input Macrocells (IMC) can be used to latch or store external inputs. The outputs of the Input Macrocells (IMC) are routed to the PLD input bus, and can be read by the MCU. See the section entitled "PLDS", on page 27. Enable Out. The Enable Out register can be read by the MCU. It contains the output enable values for a given port. A 1 indicates the driver is in output mode. A 0 indicates the driver is in tri-state and the pin is in input mode.
MCU Access READ input on pin WRITE/READ READ outputs of macrocells WRITE loading macrocells flip-flop WRITE/READ prevents loading into a given macrocell READ outputs of the Input Macrocells READ the output enable control of the port driver
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Ports A and B Functionality and Structure Ports A and B have similar functionality and structure, as shown in Figure 24. The two ports can be configured to perform one or more of the following functions: s MCU I/O Mode s CPLD Output Macrocells McellAB7-McellAB0 can be connected to Port A or Port B. McellBC7McellBC0 can be connected to Port B or Port C. s CPLD Input Via the Input Macrocells (IMC). s Latched Address output Provide latched address output as per Table 20. Figure 24. Port A and Port B Structure
DATA OUT REG. D WR ADDRESS ALE D G Q ADDRESS A[ 7: 0] OR A[15:8] OUTPUT MUX PORT A OR |
