有刷电机

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有刷电机是一种易于驱动的低成本直流电机，通常由电池驱动。电机使用电刷为位于永磁体之间的电枢线圈供电，永磁体可产生磁场。电流通过电刷流入线圈并驱动转子，用于功率可达1马力的电机。当电枢旋转时，固定式电刷会接触到旋转换向器的不同部分，因此会随着时间的推移而磨损。

有刷直流电机

有刷直流电机广泛应用于工业和汽车领域，如机器人、阀门（活塞）和医疗器械。仅需一个旋转方向时，可以用PWM调制的单开关拓扑来调节加到电机上的电压，从而控制其速度。当需要定位或者需要两个旋转方向时（例如车窗），就需要采用有PWM控制的全H桥。

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通用电机

通用电机可使用交流或直流电源，广泛应用于搅拌器、风扇、吸尘器等家用电器。大多数通用电机是单向的。驱动在定子上使用两个线圈的双向电机时，只对其中一个线圈施加电压便可使转子向相应方向转动。通用电机的优点是起动扭矩大，结构紧凑，速度快。使用一个低端微控制器和一个可控硅或交流开关便可实现一个使用交流电源的简单控制器。

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Brushed motors working principles

Brushed motors generally operate at low speed and can be driven by a simple pulse width modulation (PWM) controller to vary the voltage supplied to the motor to control the speed in one direction and provide the torque for the motor drive. If a bidirectional motor drive is needed, for example for an electric car window or as a servo in an industrial automation application, an H-bridge can be used alongside the PWM controller.

For low power applications, the motor control is integrated into the motor along with embedded gate drivers, power transistors, protection functions, current sensing and even DC-DC converters.

For high power applications, discrete low-voltage power MOSFETs and gate drivers are used separately to the motor to implement the H-bridge.

Using the brush reduces the lifetime of the motor. A brushless motor in comparison has a significantly longer lifetime and more controllability.

Our products and solutions

We offer the entire range of power semiconductors and ICs including discrete IGBTs and power MOSFETs as well as power modules and intelligent power modules (IPM), high-voltage gate drivers, powerful STM32 microcontrollers and highly integrated STSPIN drivers.

We have also developed a complete ecosystem with a range of evaluation boards, reference designs, firmware and development tools to help simplify and accelerate the design cycle.