Solution Description
Battery Management Systems (BMS) improve the lifecycle, health, and safety of power storage systems in electric vehicles.
A BMS measures the current, voltage, and temperature of individual battery cells and sends that information for processing to a microcontroller. The MCU’s embedded software uses this data to determine the State of Charge (SOC) and State of Health (SOH) of each battery cell, ensuring efficient cell balancing and extending the battery’s lifespan for the best performance.
Main components of our BMS solution
This customizable solution describes a highly scalable battery management system from traditional low voltages up to 400, 800, and 1200 V batteries.
The L9963E Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing chip benefits from a unique architecture able to measure from 4 to 14 cells in series without any desynchronization delay.
A general-purpose SPI to isolated SPI transceiver, the L9963T creates a communication bridge between devices located into different voltage domains. Designed to support any protocol made of SPI frames 8 to 64 bits long, this very flexible device is able to transfer communication data coming from a classical 4-wire based SPI interface to a 2-wire isolated interface (and vice-versa). All the functions are managed by a dual-core SPC58EC80E5 automotive microcontroller.
Two possible BMS configurations
We can address two different configurations, the “centralized access” and the “dual access ring” versions.
In a centralized daisy chain configuration, the SPC58EC80E5 MCU is connected via SPI to the L9963T (low-voltage domain). The transceiver connects the MCU to the BMS chain (high-voltage domain, a harsh automotive environment where isolated SPI communications are required).
A dual access ring configuration is also possible by adding another transceiver for bidirectional communication. The secondary ring is used as a backup in the event that the primary ring fails.
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Key Product Benefits
SPC58EC80E5 - Automotive Microcontroller
Part of the SPC58 microcontroller series, the SPC58EC80E5 benefits from the comprehensive SPC5 development ecosystem.
L9963E - Battery Monitor
The L9963E is a Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing chip for high-reliability automotive applications and energy storage systems. Up to 14 stacked battery cells can be monitored to meet the requirements of 48 V and higher voltage systems.
L9963T- Isolated SPI tranceiver
The L9963T is a general-purpose SPI to isolated SPI transceiver intended to create a communication bridge between devices located into different voltage domains.
The L9963T is able to transfer communication data incoming from a classical 4-wire based SPI interface to a 2-wire isolated interface (and vice-versa).
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All Features
- Advanced functionality
- Safety features (temperature control)
- SOC and SOH
- High measure accuracy
- Performance benefits
- High reliability
- Extended driving range
- Longer battery lifetime
- Advanced functionality
Distributor availability of AEK-COM-ISOSPI1
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Distributor availability of AEK-POW-BMS63EN
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Distributor availability of AEK-MCU-C4MLIT1
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Part of our AutoDevKit initiative, this battery management system (BMS) evaluation board (AEK-POW-BMS63EN) can manage from 4 to 14 battery series cells, with a maximum voltage value equal to 4.2V each. A daisy chain topology can handle from 1 to 31 Li-ion battery nodes.
Built around our L9963E Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing chip, the board provides an elaborate monitoring network to accurately sense the voltage of each cell, current of the series and five temperature values with NTC sensors. This sensing capability is used to determine the State of Charge (SOC) and State of Health (SOH) of each battery cell and, consequently, those of the complete battery pack. Thanks to these high-accuracy measurements, it is possible to perform passive cell balancing.
Natively compatible with the L9963E, the SPI to isolated SPI dongle (AEK-COM-ISOSPI1) based on the general-purpose L9963T transceiver, is used to convert SPI signals into isolated SPI signals, thereby reducing the number of required wires from 4 to 2. In addition to resulting in an optimized BOM, the ISOSPI protocol features differential signaling to ensure higher noise immunity and robustness for long-distance communications.
The SPC58 C Line Discovery board (AEK-MCU-C4MLIT1) is based on a dual-core SPC58EC80E5 32-bit automotive grade ASIL-B microcontroller with 4 Mbytes of flash memory and provides developers with full access to all cores, GPIOs and peripherals including the ISO CAN FD (with transceiver) and UART. Moreover, the MCU's embedded Hardware Secure Module (HSM) makes it compliant with the EVITA Medium standard.
Connected via the SPC58 C Line Discovery board, the BMS board communicates with one (for a centralized configuration) or two (for dual access ring configuration) AEK-COM-ISOSPI1 dongles. These general-purpose transceivers convert SPI signals into isolated SPI signals (and vice versa), thereby reducing the number of required wires from four to two as well as implementing differential signaling for higher noise immunity.
Part of the AutoDevKit ecosystem, a ready-to-use software package is available with example code (one for centralized and one for dual access ring configuration) for measuring and monitoring the SOC and SOH of Li-ion battery cells. As battery packs may have different SOCs, balancing is necessary to bring them all to the same charge level. After detecting the cell with the lowest charge in the battery pack, all the other battery cells are discharged until they reach its level.
Estimated cost
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All Evaluation Features
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The AutoDevKit BMS evaluation kit enables the following functions:
- Voltage, current and temperature sensing
- ISO to ISOSPI communication
Additional features supported by the board:
- Two possible BMS implementations (centralized & dual access ring)
Device protection and supervisor features:
- SOC and SOH
- Passive cell balancing
- Cell Open Wire diagnostics
- PCB cell open diagnostics
- Chip over temperature
- Balancing open diagnostics
- Balancing short load diagnostics
- Voltage regulator OV/UV diagnostics
- Communication Integrity
- Communication loss detection
- GND loss detection
The AutoDevKit BMS evaluation kit enables the following functions:
- Voltage, current and temperature sensing
- ISO to ISOSPI communication
Additional features supported by the board:
- Two possible BMS implementations (centralized & dual access ring)
Device protection and supervisor features:
- SOC and SOH
- Passive cell balancing
- Cell Open Wire diagnostics
- PCB cell open diagnostics
- Chip over temperature
- Balancing open diagnostics
- Balancing short load diagnostics
- Voltage regulator OV/UV diagnostics
- Communication Integrity
- Communication loss detection
- GND loss detection
Automotive Analog and Power
Part number | Description |
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L9963E | Automotive chip for battery management applications with daisy chain up to 31 devices |
L9963T | Automotive general purpose SPI to isolated SPI transceiver |
Automotive Microcontrollers
Part number | Description |
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SPC58EC80E5 | 32-bit Power Architecture MCU for Automotive General Purpose Applications - Chorus family |